Row spacing and weed control timing affect yield of aerobic rice
Row spacing and weed control timing affect yield of aerobic rice
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fcr.2010.12.008
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发表时间：
2011-03-18
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Johnson, David E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chauhan, Bhagirath S.;Johnson, David E.
在2009年雨季和2010年旱季进行了田间试验，以确定行距和杂草控制时间对杂草生长和好氧水稻产量的影响。使用十种杂草管理处理来确定杂草与三种不同行距（15 厘米、30 厘米和成对行 10-20-10 厘米）中生长的需氧水稻竞争的关键时期。两个生长季节的主要杂草种类是Rottboellia cochinchinensis、Digitaria ciliaris、Echinochloa colona 和Eleusine indica。与 15 厘米和 10-20-10 厘米行相比，30 厘米行的水稻杂草生物量更大，但籽粒产量更低； 15 厘米行和 10-20-10 厘米行之间的杂草生长和谷物产量相似。雨季水稻产量从170 kg ha(-1)（在整个作物生长期间杂草未得到控制）到2940 kg ha(-1)（无杂草处理）不等，表明杂草生长不受控制导致产量损失94%。同样，在旱季，没有杂草控制的地块（140 kg ha(-1)）与无杂草地块（3640 kg ha(-1)）相比，没有杂草控制的产量损失了96%。拟合 Gompertz 和逻辑方程以分别产生因杂草控制和杂草干扰持续时间增加而产生的数据。为获得 95% 的无杂草产量，雨季杂草控制的关键时期估计为 15 厘米行作物播种后 18 至 52 天 (DAS)，10-20-10 厘米行作物为 20-51 天，30 厘米行作物为 15-58 天。旱季作物行距为 15 厘米时的间隔为 17-56 DAS，行距为 10-20-10 厘米时间隔为 17-60 DAS，行距为 30 厘米时间隔为 15-64 DAS。雨季关键期的持续时间在10-20-10厘米处为31天，在15厘米处为34天，在30厘米处为43天，而在旱季，在10-20-10厘米处为43天。 15 厘米处为 39 天，30 厘米处为 49 天。在这两个季节中，间距较宽（30 厘米）的作物在最长的时间内最容易受到杂草竞争的影响。从这项研究中获得的信息表明，15 厘米行和 10-20-10 厘米排列的需氧水稻产量高于 30 厘米行，并且播种后 8 周后杂草控制的效果微乎其微。 (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
Field experiments were conducted during the wet season of 2009 and dry season of 2010 to determine the effects of row spacing and timing of weed control on weed growth and yield of aerobic rice. Ten weed management treatments were used to identify critical periods of weed competition with aerobic rice grown in three different row spacings (15-cm, 30-cm, and as paired rows 10-20-10-cm). Dominant weed species during both growing seasons were Rottboellia cochinchinensis, Digitaria ciliaris, Echinochloa colona, and Eleusine indica. Rice grown in 30-cm rows had greater weed biomass and less grain yield than in 15-cm and 10-20-10-cm rows; weed growth and grain yields were similar between 15-cm and 10-20-10-cm rows. Rice yields in the wet season ranged from 170 kg ha(-1) where weeds were not controlled throughout the crop duration to 2940 kg ha(-1) in weed-free treatment, indicating a 94% yield loss with uncontrolled weed growth. Similarly in the dry season, plots with no weed control (140 kg ha(-1)) compared to weed-free plots (3640 kg ha(-1)) indicate a 96% yield loss with no weed control. Gompertz and logistic equations were fitted to yield data resulting from increasing durations of weed control and weed interference, respectively. Critical periods for weed control in the wet season, to obtain 95% of a weed-free yield, were estimated as between 18 and 52 days after sowing (DAS) for crops in rows at 15-cm, 20-51 DAS at 10-20-10-cm, and 15-58 DAS at 30-cm. These intervals in the dry season were 17-56 DAS for crops in rows at 15-cm and 17-60 DAS at 10-20-10-cm and 15-64 DAS at 30-cm. Durations of the critical periods in the wet season were 31 days at 10-20-10-cm, 34 days at 15-cm and 43 days at 30-cm, while in the dry season, these were 43 days at 10-20-10-cm. 39 days at 15-cm and 49 days at 30-cm. In both seasons, crops in the wider spacing (30-cm) were vulnerable to weed competition for the longest period. The information gained from this study suggests that the aerobic rice yields better in 15-cm rows and 10-20-10-cm arrangements than in 30-cm rows and there is very little benefit of weed control beyond 8 weeks after sowing. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.