The scientific principles underlying the monitoring of the environmental impacts of aquaculture.
The scientific principles underlying the monitoring of the environmental impacts of aquaculture.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1046/j.1439-0426.2001.00315.x
复制
发表时间：
2001-08
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Fernandes;Eleftheriou;Ackefors;Ervik;Sanchez‐Mata;Scanlon;White;Pearson;Read
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fernandes;Eleftheriou;Ackefors;Ervik;Sanchez‐Mata;Scanlon;White;Pearson;Read
本文对海水养殖作业环境监测科学原理的主要问题进行了批判性回顾，并就欧洲水产养殖管理最佳实践的实施提出了相关建议。鉴于欧洲采用了多种养殖物种和方法，制定规定性指南是不可能的，也确实是不可取的。相反，本文回顾了科学如何为监测提供信息，并为制定海水养殖作业监测策略提供了一个框架，该策略足够灵活，适用于各种地点、物种和情况。传统上，环境监测主要集中在一些关键的物理和化学变量以及生物体上。然而，现在的趋势是进行全系统环境评估（例如CEC 2000；Osparcom 1998），包括考虑特定系统的同化能力及其吸收和稀释扰动的能力。在此背景下，本文提出以下具体目标： • 回顾当前环境监测的基本原理和科学原则，特别是海水养殖； • 评估监测和监管标准之间的联系，特别考虑环境质量目标和环境质量标准，以及环境影响评估的作用； • 评估最佳行为守则和实践守则以及环境管理体系在水产养殖作业管理中的作用。文件最后提出了一系列建议，通过实施更有针对性的环境监测方法，有助于水产养殖作业的可持续管理。
This paper provides a critical review of the main issues regarding the scientific principles underlying environmental monitoring of marine aquaculture operations and makes recommendations relevant to the implementation of best practice for the management of aquaculture in Europe. Given that a variety of cultured species and approaches are adopted in Europe, it is not possible, or indeed desirable, to devise prescriptive guidelines. Instead, this paper reviews how science informs monitoring and provides a framework for the development of a monitoring strategy of marine aquaculture operations that is flexible enough to be applicable to a variety of locations, species and situations. Traditionally environmental monitoring has concentrated on a few key physical and chemical variables and organisms. The trend now, however, is towards whole-system environmental assessment (e.g. CEC 2000; Osparcom 1998), including considerations of the assimilative capacity of specific systems and their ability to absorb and dilute perturbations. Against this background this paper addresses the following specific objectives: • review of the rationale and scientific principles underlying current environmental monitoring with specific reference to marine aquaculture; • evaluation of the links between monitoring and regulatory criteria, specifically consideration of environmental quality objectives and environmental quality standards, and the role of environmental impact assessment; • assessment of the role of codes of best conduct and practice, and environmental management systems in the management of aquaculture operations. The paper concludes by proposing a set of recommendations which will contribute towards the sustainable management of aquaculture operations, through the implementation of a more focused approach to environmental monitoring.