HOW NORMAL AND RETARDED INDIVIDUALS MONITOR AND REGULATE SPEED AND ACCURACY OF RESPONDING IN SERIAL CHOICE TASKS
HOW NORMAL AND RETARDED INDIVIDUALS MONITOR AND REGULATE SPEED AND ACCURACY OF RESPONDING IN SERIAL CHOICE TASKS
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DOI：
10.1037/0096-3445.113.1.71
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发表时间：
1984-01-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
SMITH, GA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BREWER, N;SMITH, GA
两项实验涉及 34 名 16-33 岁智障 (MR) 儿童（WAIS IQ 43-76）和 34 名 CA 匹配的正常对照，研究了 MR 和非 MR 监测和调节反应速度和准确性的方式差异是否导致 MR Ss 在选择 RT 任务上表现更慢、变化更大。在实验 I 中，大多数 MR S 检测到的错误与对照一样有效，这一发现排除了 MR S 无法有效监控准确性的可能性，而是通过在慢 RT 频带内一致响应来实现可比较的准确性水平，从而最大限度地减少错误的可能性。实验 II 表明，虽然质量上相似的逐项试验跟踪机制调节了两组的表现，但 MR S 在将 RT 限制在快速但安全的频带内时效率较低。较长 RT 下的错误概率增加表明，刺激辨别力和/或注意力的瞬时波动会影响 MR S 的 RT 变异性。由错误启动和终止的各种正确响应序列的 RT 模式表明，指导 MR Ss 逐次试验 RT 调整的有效过去经验是短暂且不充分的，这解释了造成 MR 和非 MR Ss 之间差异的大部分剩余 RT 变异性。（53 参考）（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）
Two experiments, with 34 mentally retarded (MR) 16–33 yr olds (WAIS IQs 43–76) and 34 CA-matched normal controls, investigated whether differences in the way that MR and non-MR monitor and regulate speed and accuracy of responding contribute to the slower and more variable performance of MR Ss on choice RT tasks. In Exp I, most MR Ss detected their errors as efficiently as controls, a finding that excludes the possibility that MR Ss do not monitor accuracy efficiently but achieve comparable levels of accuracy by consistently responding within slow RT bands that minimize likelihood of errors. Exp II showed that while a qualitatively similar trial-by-trial tracking mechanism mediated the performance of both groups, MR Ss were less efficient at constraining RTs within fast but safe bands. Increasing error probabilities at longer RTs suggested that momentary fluctuations in stimulus discriminability and/or attention affected RT variability in MR Ss. The RT patterns for various sequences of correct responses initiated and terminated by errors suggested that the effective past experience guiding trial-by-trial RT adjustments of MR Ss was short and inadequate and that this accounted for much of the remaining RT variability contributing to differences between MR and non-MR Ss.(53 ref)(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)