Selection of an anti-pathogen skin microbiome following prophylaxis treatment in an amphibian model system
Selection of an anti-pathogen skin microbiome following prophylaxis treatment in an amphibian model system
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2022.0126
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发表时间：
2023-06
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Samantha A. Siomko;Sasha E. Greenspan;K. Barnett;Wesley J. Neely;Stanislava Chtarbanova;D. Woodhams;T. McMahon;C. Becker
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文献类型：
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作者：
Samantha A. Siomko;Sasha E. Greenspan;K. Barnett;Wesley J. Neely;Stanislava Chtarbanova;D. Woodhams;T. McMahon;C. Becker
随着新出现的疾病的增加，迫切需要确定和了解脊椎动物宿主中预防性保护的新机制。通过预防诱导对新出现的病原体的抗性是一种理想的管理策略，可能会影响病原体及其宿主相关微生物组。宿主微生物组被认为是免疫的关键组成部分，但预防性接种对微生物组的影响尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们研究了预防对宿主微生物组组成的影响，重点是选择有助于宿主获得性免疫的抗病原微生物的模型宿主-真菌疾病系统，两栖动物壶菌病。我们接种幼虫Pseudacris regilla对真菌病原菌Batrachochytrium dendrobaerum（Bd）与Bd代谢物为基础的预防。增加的预防浓度和暴露持续时间与pueruginBd抑制性宿主相关细菌分类群的比例显著增加相关，这表明保护性抗菌诱导的向拮抗Bd的微生物组成员的转变。我们的研究结果符合适应性微生物组假说，即暴露于病原体会改变微生物组，以更好地科普随后的病原体遭遇。我们的研究推进了对微生物组记忆的时间动力学的研究，以及促进预防有效性的微生物组中由腹泻引起的变化的作用。这篇文章是“两栖动物免疫：压力，疾病和生态免疫学”主题的一部分。
With emerging diseases on the rise, there is an urgent need to identify and understand novel mechanisms of prophylactic protection in vertebrate hosts. Inducing resistance against emerging pathogens through prophylaxis is an ideal management strategy that may impact pathogens and their host-associated microbiome. The host microbiome is recognized as a critical component of immunity, but the effects of prophylactic inoculation on the microbiome are unknown. In this study, we investigate the effects of prophylaxis on host microbiome composition, focusing on the selection of anti-pathogenic microbes contributing to host acquired immunity in a model host–fungal disease system, amphibian chytridiomycosis. We inoculated larval Pseudacris regilla against the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) with a Bd metabolite-based prophylactic. Increased prophylactic concentration and exposure duration were associated with significant increases in proportions of putatively Bd-inhibitory host-associated bacterial taxa, indicating a protective prophylactic-induced shift towards microbiome members that are antagonistic to Bd. Our findings are in accordance with the adaptive microbiome hypothesis, where exposure to a pathogen alters the microbiome to better cope with subsequent pathogen encounters. Our study advances research on the temporal dynamics of microbiome memory and the role of prophylaxis-induced shifts in microbiomes contributing to prophylaxis effectiveness. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Amphibian immunity: stress, disease and ecoimmunology’.