Collective Knowledge
Collective Knowledge
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集体知识
DOI：
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发表时间：
1982
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Andrén
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Andrén
一只手，另一只手是所有其他物体和事件。现在，我正在实现我心目中的2+2=4的命题。而当2+2=4这句话在这篇文章的手稿中如此表述时，这一命题最终将在你的脑海中实现。2+2=4也可以写在黑板上，可以在电视节目中播出，可以在计算机中计算，等等。因此，同样的主张可以在各种各样的地方实现。让我们把那些在各种过程中解决的问题看作是精神上的，是命题实体或概念实体的载体。根据这一描述，在交流过程中使用的指示符(意义的表达)以及涉及存储或处理信息的大脑过程和其他物质结构是精神的。因此，所有其他对象和事件都是纯粹的物质。同样的命题或概念可以在不同的地方、在时间和空间上被实例化，这一事实是人类生命形式进化的基本前提。它使个人之间的精确交流成为可能，这是集体努力的条件，它使信息的存储成为可能
one hand, and all other objects and events on the other. Right now, I am actualizing the proposition that 2 + 2= 4 in my mind. And as the sentence &dquo;2 + 2 = 4&dquo; is thus formulated in the manuscript of this article, this proposition will eventually be actualized inside your skulls. That 2 + 2 = 4 can also be written down on a blackboard, it can be broadcasted in a television program, it can be calculated in a computer, and so on. This very same proposition can, then, be materialized in a wide variety of places. Let us regard as mental those matters ir,volved in various processes as vehicles for propositional or conceptual entities. According to this delineation, designators (expressions of meaning) employed in a process of communication as well as brain processes and other material structures involved in the storing or processing of information, are mental. All other objects and events are, then, purely material. The fact that the same proposition or concept can be instantiated in different places, in time as well as in space, is an essential prerequisite for the evolution of the human forms of life. It makes possible the precise communication between individuals that is a condition for collective endeavors, and it makes possible the storing of information that is a