A European aerosol phenomenology - 7: High-time resolution chemical characteristics of submicron particulate matter across Europe
A European aerosol phenomenology - 7: High-time resolution chemical characteristics of submicron particulate matter across Europe
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aeaoa.2021.100108
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发表时间：
2021-03-20
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Prevot, A. S. H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bressi, M.;Cavalli, F.;Prevot, A. S. H.
通过在欧洲21个地点进行至少一年的一组独特测量，分析了亚微米大气气溶胶化学成分的相似性和差异。这些地点位于北纬35至62度、西经10至26度之间，代表各种类型的环境（偏远、沿海、农村、工业、城市）。所有测量都是在线进行的，时间分辨率为30分钟，使用基于质谱的仪器，称为气溶胶化学形态分析仪（ACSM）和气溶胶质谱仪（AMS），并遵循共同的测量准则。数据有关的有机物，硫酸盐，硝酸盐和铵的浓度，以及他们的总和称为非耐火亚微米气溶胶质量浓度（[NR-PM 1]）进行了讨论。NR-PM 1浓度通常从偏远地区到城市地区增加。它们大多数在中纬度带比南欧和北方大。平均而言，有机物占NR-PM 1的主要部分（36-64%），其次是硫酸盐（12-44%）和硝酸盐（6-35%）。在农村（或区域背景）站点和城市背景站点，NR-PM 1的年平均化学组成非常相似。仅考虑农村和区域背景站点，与北方和南欧相比，中纬度欧洲的硝酸盐贡献较高，硫酸盐贡献较低。NR-PM 1的一种或多种成分的浓度（μ g/m3）在所有站点都可以观察到较大的季节性变化，在大多数站点NR-PM 1的化学成分（%）也可以观察到较大的季节性变化。有机物、硫酸盐和硝酸盐对[NR-PM 1]的贡献在冬季和夏季的大多数站点都可以观察到显著的昼夜循环。清晨最小的有机物伴随着最大的硝酸盐是共同的特点，在区域和城市背景网站。在一些沿海和农村地区，日变化要小得多。将NR-PM 1化学成分作为NR-PM 1质量浓度的函数进行观察，发现尽管在大多数站点，有机物在所有浓度水平下占NR-PM 1的主要部分，但硝酸盐的贡献通常随NR-PM 1质量浓度增加而增加，并且当NR-PM 1质量浓度超过40 μ g/m3时，在一半站点占主导地位。
Similarities and differences in the submicron atmospheric aerosol chemical composition are analyzed from a unique set of measurements performed at 21 sites across Europe for at least one year. These sites are located between 35 and 62 degrees N and 10 degrees W - 26 degrees E, and represent various types of settings (remote, coastal, rural, industrial, urban). Measurements were all carried out on-line with a 30-min time resolution using mass spectroscopy based instruments known as Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitors (ACSM) and Aerosol Mass Spectrometers (AMS) and following common measurement guidelines. Data regarding organics, sulfate, nitrate and ammonium concentrations, as well as the sum of them called non-refractory submicron aerosol mass concentration ([NR-PM1]) are discussed. NR-PM1 concentrations generally increase from remote to urban sites. They are mostly larger in the mid-latitude band than in southern and northern Europe. On average, organics account for the major part (36-64%) of NR-PM1 followed by sulfate (12-44%) and nitrate (6-35%). The annual mean chemical composition of NR-PM1 at rural (or regional background) sites and urban background sites are very similar. Considering rural and regional background sites only, nitrate contribution is higher and sulfate contribution is lower in midlatitude Europe compared to northern and southern Europe. Large seasonal variations in concentrations (mu g/m(3)) of one or more components of NR-PM1 can be observed at all sites, as well as in the chemical composition of NR-PM1 (%) at most sites. Significant diel cycles in the contribution to [NR-PM1] of organics, sulfate, and nitrate can be observed at a majority of sites both in winter and summer. Early morning minima in organics in concomitance with maxima in nitrate are common features at regional and urban background sites. Daily variations are much smaller at a number of coastal and rural sites. Looking at NR-PM1 chemical composition as a function of NR-PM1 mass concentration reveals that although organics account for the major fraction of NR-PM1 at all concentration levels at most sites, nitrate contribution generally increases with NR-PM1 mass concentration and predominates when NR-PM1 mass concentrations exceed 40 mu g/m(3) at half of the sites.