Biosynthesis of terpenoid natural products in fungi.
Biosynthesis of terpenoid natural products in fungi.
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DOI：
10.1007/10_2014_283
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Schmidt-Dannert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Schmidt-Dannert
<? xm-replace_text {标题}？>从植物和微生物中分离出了数以万计的萜类化合物。高等真菌（子囊菌门和担子菌门）已知产生一系列众所周知的萜类天然产物，包括真菌毒素、抗生素、抗肿瘤化合物和植物激素。除了少数研究充分的真菌生物合成途径，大多数基因和生物合成途径负责的一小部分这些次生代谢产物的生物合成仅在过去的5-10年被发现和表征。本章从生物化学、遗传学和基因组学的角度对真菌类萜生物合成的现有知识进行了全面的概述。综述了真菌萜类天然产物中异戊烯基链的合成、转移和环化过程中所涉及的酶。基因组信息和功能证据表明两个主要真菌门（子囊菌门和担子菌门）的萜类之间存在差异，这将对每组萜类天然产物进行说明。
<?xm-replace_text {Heading}?>AbstractTens of thousands of terpenoid natural products have been isolated from plants and microbial sources. Higher fungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) are known to produce an array of well-known terpenoid natural products, including mycotoxins, antibiotics, antitumor compounds, and phytohormones. Except for a few well-studied fungal biosynthetic pathways, the majority of genes and biosynthetic pathways responsible for the biosynthesis of a small number of these secondary metabolites have only been discovered and characterized in the past 5–10 years. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on fungal terpenoid biosynthesis from biochemical, genetic, and genomic viewpoints. Enzymes involved in synthesizing, transferring, and cyclizing the prenyl chains that form the hydrocarbon scaffolds of fungal terpenoid natural products are systematically discussed. Genomic information and functional evidence suggest differences between the terpenome of the two major fungal phyla—the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota—which will be illustrated for each group of terpenoid natural products.Graphical Abstract