Reanalyses of the sunspot observations of Fogelius and Siverus: Two “Long-Term” observers during the Maunder Minimum
Reanalyses of the sunspot observations of Fogelius and Siverus: Two “Long-Term” observers during the Maunder Minimum
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对 Fogelius 和 Siverus 太阳黑子观测的重新分析：蒙德极小期间的两位“长期”观测者
DOI：
10.1093/mnras/staa2965
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Imada Shinsuke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hayakawa Hisashi;Iju Tomoya;Uneme Shoma;Besser Bruno P;Kosaka Shunsuke;Imada Shinsuke
在蒙德极小期（MM; 1645-1715）的太阳活动被认为与现代观测中捕捉到的太阳活动在黑子群数量和黑子位置方面有显著不同，而其实际振幅和分布仍在积极讨论中。在其核心时期（1650/1660-1700），Martin Fogelius和Heinrich Siverus在现有数据库中形成了重要的长期序列。在这项研究中，我们分析了他们的原始档案记录，修改了他们的数据，删除了现有数据库中明显的“无污点日”的重要污染，并对核心MM中太阳周期振幅的潜在低估提出了警告。他们在整个观测期间最多报告了一个太阳黑子群，并证实了MM期间太阳活动周期的显著抑制。根据他们的修正数据，我们还推导出了著名的太阳黑子群的位置，西维鲁斯在1671年记录的位置（北纬7.5 ° ± 2.5°），与卡西尼的图纸（北纬10 ° ± 1°）进行了比较。它们在位置和年代学上的一致性表明，这些黑子群可能是同一个周期性活动区（AR），即使在MM期间，其寿命也很长（≥35 d）。
The solar activity during the Maunder minimum (MM; 1645–1715) has been considered significantly different from the one captured in modern observations, in terms of sunspot group number and sunspot positions, whereas its actual amplitudes and distributions are still under active discussions. In its core period (1650/1660–1700), Martin Fogelius and Heinrich Siverus have formed significant long-term series in the existing data bases. With numerous spotless days, they have been considered as the 13th and 7th most active observers before the end of the MM. In this study, we have analysed their original archival records, revised their data, have removed significant contaminations of the apparent ‘spotless days’ in the existing data bases, and cast caveats on the potential underestimation of the solar-cycle amplitude in the core MM. Still, they reported at best one sunspot group throughout their observational period and confirm the significantly suppressed solar cycles during the MM. This is also supported from the contemporary observations of Hook and Willoughby, analysed in this study. Based on their revised data, we have also derived positions of notable sunspot groups, which Siverus recorded in 1671 (≈N7.5° ± 2.5°), in comparison with those of Cassini's drawings (≈N10° ± 1°). Their coincidence in position and chronology in corrected dates indicates these sunspot groups were probably the same recurrent active region (AR) and its lifespan was significantly long (≥35 d) even during the MM.