Aging and the time course of semantic activation.
Aging and the time course of semantic activation.
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衰老和语义激活的时间过程。
DOI：
10.1093/geronj/41.2.195
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发表时间：
1986
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Heisey,JG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Howard,DV;Shaw,RJ;Heisey,JG
54名年轻人（法师= 20.2岁）和54名老年人（法师= 68.4岁）完成了一项任务，其中一个素数后面跟着一个目标。如果目标是一个单词，人们会回答“是”，否则回答“否”。在词靶试验中，提出了三种启动：相关（例如，引发剂-靶对DOG-CAT），不相关的（例如，SEW-CAT）和中性（例如，BLANK-CAT）。启动和目标开始之间的刺激起始时间（SOA）是不同的，SOA为150、450和1,000 ms。最重要的发现是启动（即，观察到相关试验的响应时间比非相关试验的响应时间更快）。据认为，启动的年龄差异反映了一个或多个方面的语义激活随着年龄的增长放缓。与Hasher和Zacks（1979）的假设相反，有证据表明自动激活的速度存在年龄差异。
Fifty-four young (Mage = 20.2 years) and 54 elderly participants (Mage = 68.4 years) completed a task in which a prime was followed by a target. People were to respond “yes” if the target was a word and “no” otherwise. On word-target trials, three kinds of prime were presented: associated (e.g., the prime-target pair DOG-CAT), unassociated (e.g., SEW-CAT), and neutral (e.g., BLANK-CAT). The stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between onset of the prime and target was varied, with SOAs of 150,450, and 1,000 ms. The most important finding was an age difference in the minimum SOA at which priming (i.e., faster response time on associated than on unassociated trials) was observed. It is argued that the age difference in onset of priming reflects a slowing with age in one or more aspects of semantic activation. Contrary to the Hasher and Zacks (1979) hypothesis, there is evidence of an age difference in the speed of automatic activation.