Signaling axis in Schwann cell proliferation and differentiation
Signaling axis in Schwann cell proliferation and differentiation
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DOI：
10.1385/mn:33:1:051
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发表时间：
2006-02-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Tanaka, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ogata, T;Yamamoto, S;Tanaka, S
分子生物学的最新进展显著地扩展了我们对雪旺细胞增殖和分化过程背后的分子机制的了解。雪旺细胞是周围神经系统中的髓鞘形成细胞。细胞内信号分子参与整合细胞因子和其他体液因子的各种刺激，并控制调控有丝分裂或分化的基因的转录活动。本文就调节雪旺细胞功能的细胞内途径所起的作用作一综述。在雪旺细胞的增殖过程中，环磷酸腺苷信号和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路发挥着关键作用，也可能相互作用。在分化方面，髓鞘的形成受多种细胞因子和细胞外基质分子的调节。具体地说，血小板衍生生长因子、神经调节蛋白和胰岛素样生长因子-I都被归类为受体类型酪氨酸激酶的配体，并激活常见的细胞内信号级联、丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶通路和磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶通路。这两个通路之间的活性平衡在调节雪旺细胞分化方面似乎至关重要，在雪旺细胞分化中，磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶通路促进髓鞘的形成。分析雪旺细胞中的这些信号分子将使我们不仅能够了解它们的生理发育，而且还可以创新治疗与髓鞘形成相关的疾病的新方法。
Recent progress in molecular biology has markedly expanded our knowledge of the molecular mechanism behind the proliferation and differentiation processes of Schwann cells, the myelin-forming cells in peripheral nervous systems. Intracellular signaling molecules participate in integrating various stimuli from cytokines and other humoral factors and control the transcriptional activities of the genes that regulate mitosis or differentiation. This article provides an overview of the roles played by the intracellular pathways regulating Schwann cell functions. In Schwann cell proliferation, cyclic adenosine monophosphate signals and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways play pivotal roles and may also interact with each other. Regarding differentiation, myelin formation is regulated by various cytokines and extracellular matrix molecules. Specifically, platelet-derived growth factor, neuregulin, and insulin-like growth factor-I all are classified as ligands for receptor-type tyrosine kinase and activate common intracellular signaling cascades, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase pathways. The balance of activities between these two pathways appears crucial in regulating Schwann cell differentiation, in which phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase pathways promote myelin formation. Analysis of these signaling molecules in Schwann cells will enable us not only to understand their physiological development but also to innovate new approaches to treat disorders related to myelination.