Multi-ionic effects on energy production based on double layer expansion by salinity exchange.
Multi-ionic effects on energy production based on double layer expansion by salinity exchange.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jcis.2014.08.009
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发表时间：
2015-05
影响因子：
9.9
通讯作者：
M. Fernández;S. Ahualli;G. Iglesias;F. González‐Caballero;Á. Delgado;M. L. Jiménez
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Fernández;S. Ahualli;G. Iglesias;F. González‐Caballero;Á. Delgado;M. L. Jiménez
最近的研究表明，河口盐度混合时的自由能变化可以利用带电的固液界面(双电层)的电容强烈地依赖于液体介质的离子组成这一事实来获得。这导致了称为CapMix技术的新一代技术，其中一项技术(基于DL扩展的电容式能量提取)正是基于这种依赖。尽管溶液组成对整个过程起着至关重要的作用，但到目前为止，大多数研究主要集中在纯氯化钠溶液上。然而，应该从理论和实验上考虑河流和海水中通常存在的其他物种的影响，以便成功地优化未来的设备。在这篇文章中，我们从两个角度分析了更现实的作文的解决方案。首先，我们从实验和理论上都发现，除钠和氯以外的离子的存在，即使在低浓度下，也可能导致过程中较低的能量提取。其次，我们在实验上考虑了通常分散在自然水中的其他材料(矿物颗粒、微生物、贝壳、污染物)的可能影响，方法是检查它们在所用碳膜中的累积，在CDLE循环中长期暴露在自然海水中。
It has been recently shown that the free energy change upon salinity mixing in river mouths can be harvested taking advantage of the fact that the capacitance of charged solid/liquid interfaces (electrical double layers, EDLs) depends strongly on the ionic composition of the liquid medium. This has led to a new generation of techniques called Capmix technologies, one of them (CDLE or capacitive energy extraction based on DL expansion) based precisely on such dependence. Despite the solution composition playing a crucial role on the whole process, most of the research carried out so far has mainly focused on pure sodium chloride solutions. However, the effect of other species usually present in river and seawaters should be considered both theoretically and experimentally in order to succeed in optimizing a future device. In this paper, we analyse solutions of a more realistic composition from two points of view. Firstly, we find both experimentally and theoretically that the presence of ions other than sodium and chloride, even at low concentrations, may lead to a lower energy extraction in the process. Secondly, we experimentally consider the possible effects of other materials usually dispersed in natural water (mineral particles, microbes, shells, pollutants) by checking their accumulation in the carbon films used, after being exposed for a long period to natural sea water during CDLE cycles.