Measuring 3D indoor air velocity via an inexpensive low -power ultrasonic anemometer
Measuring 3D indoor air velocity via an inexpensive low -power ultrasonic anemometer
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DOI：
10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.109805
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发表时间：
2020-03-15
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Zhang, Hui
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arens, Edward;Ghahramani, Ali;Zhang, Hui
持续低成本监测室内空气速度和方向的能力将改变建筑物中环境质量和能源使用的控制。空气运动在建筑物内部及其居住者周围传输能量、通风空气和污染物，并且可以通过多种方式使用有关它的测量反馈来改善建筑物的运行。然而，由于传感器的昂贵和脆弱性，室内空气流动很少被监测。本文介绍了作者开发的一种独特的风速计，该风速计利用新的微机电系统（MEMS）技术进行超声波测距，可测量室内环境应用中的三维空气速度。风速计采用四面体排列的四个收发器，能够捕获三维流的最小数量，提供比现有风速计更大的测量冗余。我们描述了风速计的理论、硬件和软件，包括检测和消除由风速计支撑支柱的尾流引起的屏蔽误差的算法。风速计的分辨率和起始阈值为0.01 m/s，在给定方向上的绝对空气速度误差为0.05 m/s，具有最小滤波，360度方位角旋转的3.1度角和0.11 m/s速度误差，以及135度垂直方向上的3.5度角和0.07 m/s速度误差。它包括无线电连接到互联网，并能够在标准电池上独立运行多年。该风速计还可测量温度，并配有罗盘和倾斜传感器，因此无论风速计朝向如何，都能全局参考气流方向。零部件的零售价为100美元，所有零部件都可以轻松组装在一起。(c)2020爱思唯尔B. V.保留所有权利。
The ability to inexpensively monitor indoor air speed and direction on a continuous basis would transform the control of environmental quality and energy use in buildings. Air motion transports energy, ventilation air, and pollutants around building interiors and their occupants, and measured feedback about it could be used in numerous ways to improve building operation. However indoor air movement is rarely monitored because of the expense and fragility of sensors. This paper describes a unique anemometer developed by the authors, that measures 3-dimensional air velocity for indoor environmental applications, leveraging new microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology for ultrasonic range-finding. The anemometer uses a tetrahedral arrangement of four transceivers, the smallest number able to capture a 3-dimensional flow, that provides greater measurement redundancy than in existing anemometry. We describe the theory, hardware, and software of the anemometer, including algorithms that detect and eliminate shielding errors caused by the wakes from anemometer support struts. The anemometer has a resolution and starting threshold of 0.01 m/s, an absolute air speed error of 0.05 m/s at a given orientation with minimal filtering, 3.1 degrees angle- and 0.11 m/s velocity errors over 360 degrees azimuthal rotation, and 3.5 degrees angle- and 0.07 m/s velocity errors over 135 degrees vertical declination. It includes radio connection to internet and is able to operate standalone for multiple years on a standard battery. The anemometer also measures temperature and has a compass and tilt sensor so that flow direction is globally referenced regardless of anemometer orientation. The retail cost of parts is $100 USD, and all parts snap together for ease of assembly. (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.