Kinematics and Center of Mass Mechanics During Terrestrial Locomotion in Northern Lapwings (Vanellus vanellus, Charadriiformes)
Kinematics and Center of Mass Mechanics During Terrestrial Locomotion in Northern Lapwings (Vanellus vanellus, Charadriiformes)
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DOI：
10.1002/jez.1750
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发表时间：
2012-11-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Fischer, M. S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nyakatura, J. A.;Andrada, E.;Fischer, M. S.
鸟类的两足动物最好在衍生的步行/跑步专家中进行研究。在这里，我们使用运动学和质心（CoM）的机械能模式来研究lapwingsmigratory鸟类在地面上觅食的步态转变，因此可能需要陆地运动和长距离飞行的功能需求之间的权衡。这些动物在跑步机上跑步，同时在可持续速度范围内记录高速X射线视频。瞬时CoM力学计算从整合运动学和身体部分的属性。麦鸡表现出类似的运动特征，专门步行/跑步的鸟类，但有不太明显的步态。在低速下，在跳马之间没有明显的分离（即，行走）和弹跳（即，运行）能量模式存在。非弹跳步态的机械能恢复与速度相关性很差，表明倒立摆机构的使用效率低下。步态的速度范围相当大地重叠，尤其是地面跑步的那些，具有CoM力学的步态指示跑步但没有空中阶段，以及空中阶段跑步，在大多数速度下没有优先步态。在鸟类中，顺从的肢体形态和接地运行可以被视为进化的限制，但麦鸡有效地利用了这种步态提供的优势，用于它们速度范围的很大一部分。因此，在地面运动期间有效地使用接地运行通常被认为是跨越鸟类bipedalismeven在物种不专门在步行/跑步运动的一部分。J. Exp. Zool.317A：580594，2012. (c)2012 Wiley Periodicals，Inc.
Avian bipedalism is best studied in derived walking/running specialists. Here, we use kinematics and center of mass (CoM) mechanical energy patterns to investigate gait transitions of lapwingsmigratory birds that forage on the ground, and therefore may need a trade-off between the functional demands of terrestrial locomotion and long distance flights. The animals ran on a treadmill while high-speed X-ray videos were recorded within the sustainable speed range. Instantaneous CoM mechanics were computed from integrating kinematics and body segment properties. Lapwings exhibit similar locomotor characteristics to specialized walking/running birds, but have less distinct gaits. At slow speeds no clear separation between vaulting (i.e., walking) and bouncing (i.e., running) energy patterns exists. Mechanical energy recovery of non-bouncing gaits correlates poorly with speed and suggests inefficient use of the inverted pendulum mechanism. Speed ranges of gaits overlap considerably, especially those of grounded running, a gait with CoM mechanics indicative of running but without an aerial phase, and aerial phase running, with no preferential gait at most speeds. Compliant limb morphology and grounded running in birds can be regarded as an evolutionary constraint, but lapwings effectively make use of advantages offered by this gait for a great fraction of their speed range. Thus, effective usage of grounded running during terrestrial locomotion is suggested generally to be a part of striding avian bipedalismeven in species not specialized in walking/running locomotion. J. Exp. Zool. 317A:580594, 2012. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.