The ultrastructure of the zona radiata of the ovarian follicle of the domestic fowl.
The ultrastructure of the zona radiata of the ovarian follicle of the domestic fowl.
复制标题
家禽卵泡辐射带的超微结构。
DOI：
10.1007/s00441-004-1000-9
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发表时间：
1965
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
H. S. Johnston
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Wyburn;R. Aitken;H. S. Johnston
性成熟家禽的卵巢含有大小不到2毫米的卵泡。到40毫米以上。在直径上。小卵泡呈白色，生长缓慢，直到排卵前5-9天，此时约为6毫米。在直径上。此后，它们的尺寸迅速增大，达到40毫米。在排卵的时候，这个生长速度，在几天内增加了20倍，必须接近动物细胞的记录。而哺乳动物卵泡的生长表明卵泡液的分泌增加(人类排卵时卵子的长度为0-14毫米)。在卵泡内直径约1厘米)，排卵前卵泡的增加几乎完全是由于卵子细胞质内卵黄的积累，卵浆覆盖着颗粒细胞，填满了整个卵泡。因此，必须在排卵前几天将大量必需的前体、蛋白质、脂肪等运输到卵子。由于生长初期的卵子被颗粒细胞紧密包裹，因此可以假定没有物质从血液直接移动到卵子，颗粒细胞参与了小分子和大分子的转移，如果不是在某种程度上更积极地参与卵黄的合成。其活动需要物质快速周转的细胞通常通过增加表面积来满足这一要求，例如，小肠上皮细胞的微绒毛，肾上皮细胞质膜的基底部内折，或胃氧合细胞的细胞内管。因此，我们开始详细研究卵子和颗粒细胞交界区的结构，因为在这里，如果有的话，应该有结构适应的证据来处理鸟类卵泡的特殊生理。
The ovary of the sexually mature domestic fowl contains follicles of size range from less than 2 mm. to more than 40 mm. in diameter. The small follicles are white in colour and grow slowly until 5-9 days before ovulation, at which time they are around 6 mm. in diameter. Thereafter they increase in size rapidly up to 40 mm. at the time of ovulation and this growth rate, by a factor of 20 within a few days, must approach the record for an animal cell. Whereas the growth of the mammalian follicle indicates an increased secretion of liquor folliculi (the human ovum at the time of ovulation measures 0-14 mm. in diameter within a follicle measuring about 1 cm.), the pre-ovulatory increase of the avian follicle is almost entirely from the accumulation of the yolk within the cytoplasm of the ovum which, with its covering of granulosa cells, fills the entire follicle. Large quantities of the necessary precursors, proteins, fat, etc., must therefore be transported to the ovum in the few days prior to ovulation. As the ovum at the beginning of the growth phase is closely invested by the granulosa cells, it can be assumed that there is no direct movement of material from blood to ovum, and that the granulosa cells are involved in the transfer of small and large molecules, if not in some measure more actively engaged in yolk synthesis. Cells whose activity demands a rapid turnover of material most commonly meet this requirement by an increase of surface area, for example, the microvilli of the epithelial cells of the small intestine, and basal infolding of the plasma membrane of the renal epithelium, or the intracellular canals of the gastric oxyntic cell. We therefore set out to examine in detail the structure of the junctional zone of ovum and granulosa cells since here, if anywhere, there should be evidence of structural adaptation to deal with the special physiology of the avian follicle.