Variable glacier response to atmospheric warming, northern Antarctic Peninsula, 1988-2009
Variable glacier response to atmospheric warming, northern Antarctic Peninsula, 1988-2009
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DOI：
10.5194/tc-6-1031-2012
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Smellie, J. L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Davies, B. J.;Carrivick, J. L.;Smellie, J. L.
南极北方半岛最近出现了冰架解体、冰川退缩和加速的现象。然而，陆地终止、冰架支流和冰川的动态响应尚未量化或评估其可变性，而且关于冰川分类、形态、面积、长度或高度的数据也很少。本文首先对公元2009年Trinity半岛、织女星岛和詹姆斯罗斯岛上的194座冰川的面积、长度、海拔、坡度、坡向、地貌、类型和高程进行了分类。其次，本文记录了1988-2009年的冰川变化。2009年，冰川化面积为8140 +/- 262 km（2）。从1988年到2001年，90%的冰川消退，从2001年到2009年，79%的冰川消退。这相当于从1988年到2001年，Trinity半岛东海岸冰川的面积变化为-4.4%，西海岸冰川为-0.6%，冰架支流冰川为-35.0%。Trinity半岛东部较干燥、较凉爽的潮汐冰川在1988-2001年经历了最快的萎缩，2001年后锋面变化有限。Trinity半岛西部的冰川收缩幅度小于东部。詹姆斯·罗斯岛的陆地冰川在1988年至2001年期间萎缩最快。这种东西差异在很大程度上是整个南极半岛的地形温度和降水梯度造成的，气温升高对东海岸降水匮乏的冰川的影响比对西海岸的影响更大。半岛西部的收缩减少可能是降雪量增加的结果，也许与这些冰川大部分接地的事实有关。Trinity半岛东侧的面积损失速度正在放缓，我们将其归因于浮冰舌消退到峡湾并达到新的动态平衡。詹姆斯·罗斯岛上的冰川由于海拔低、剖面平坦，其迅速萎缩的趋势可能会继续下去。相比之下，更高和更陡峭的南极半岛东部的冰川将达到更稳定的锋面位置后，低洼消融区被删除，更快地达到平衡。
The northern Antarctic Peninsula has recently exhibited ice-shelf disintegration, glacier recession and acceleration. However, the dynamic response of land-terminating, ice-shelf tributary and tidewater glaciers has not yet been quantified or assessed for variability, and there are sparse data for glacier classification, morphology, area, length or altitude. This paper firstly classifies the area, length, altitude, slope, aspect, geomorphology, type and hypsometry of 194 glaciers on Trinity Peninsula, Vega Island and James Ross Island in 2009 AD. Secondly, this paper documents glacier change 1988-2009. In 2009, the glacierised area was 8140 +/- 262 km(2). From 1988-2001, 90% of glaciers receded, and from 2001-2009, 79% receded. This equates to an area change of -4.4% for Trinity Peninsula eastern coast glaciers, -0.6% for western coast glaciers, and -35.0% for ice-shelf tributary glaciers from 1988-2001. Tidewater glaciers on the drier, cooler eastern Trinity Peninsula experienced fastest shrinkage from 1988-2001, with limited frontal change after 2001. Glaciers on the western Trinity Peninsula shrank less than those on the east. Land-terminating glaciers on James Ross Island shrank fastest in the period 1988-2001. This east-west difference is largely a result of orographic temperature and precipitation gradients across the Antarctic Peninsula, with warming temperatures affecting the precipitation-starved glaciers on the eastern coast more than on the western coast. Reduced shrinkage on the western Peninsula may be a result of higher snowfall, perhaps in conjunction with the fact that these glaciers are mostly grounded. Rates of area loss on the eastern side of Trinity Peninsula are slowing, which we attribute to the floating ice tongues receding into the fjords and reaching a new dynamic equilibrium. The rapid shrinkage of tidewater glaciers on James Ross Island is likely to continue because of their low elevations and flat profiles. In contrast, the higher and steeper tidewater glaciers on the eastern Antarctic Peninsula will attain more stable frontal positions after low-lying ablation areas are removed, reaching equilibrium more quickly.