Attention to audiovisual speech does not facilitate language acquisition in infants with familial history of autism
Attention to audiovisual speech does not facilitate language acquisition in infants with familial history of autism
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DOI：
10.1111/jcpp.13595
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发表时间：
2022-03-04
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Vernetti, Angelina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chawarska, Katarzyna;Lewkowicz, David;Vernetti, Angelina
由于家族责任，自闭症儿童的兄弟姐妹表现出较高的语言迟缓风险。导致这一人群语言迟缓的过程尚不清楚。方法：考虑到说话人对面部动态视听线索的关注与言语处理之间已经建立的联系，我们调查了自闭症谱系障碍高风险（hr-sib, n = 91）和低风险（lr-sib, n = 62）的12个月大的婴儿对说话人面部和嘴巴的关注是否不同，以及12个月大的注意力是否能预测18个月大的语言结果。结果在12个月时，重兄妹和轻兄妹在面部注意力（p = 0.14）、嘴巴偏好（p = 0.30）和接受性和表达性语言得分（p = 0.36, p = 0.33）方面没有差异。在18个月时，同母异母婴儿的语言接受能力（p = 0.01）低于同母异母婴儿，但语言表达能力（p = 0.84）低于同母异母婴儿。在双胞胎婴儿中，更多地关注面部（p = 0.022）和嘴巴偏好（p = 0.025）有助于在18个月时取得更好的语言成绩。在hr-sib婴儿中，对面孔的关注和对嘴巴的偏好都与18个月时的语言结果无关。结论：与低风险婴儿不同，高危婴儿在语言习得中并未从音像韵律和言语线索中获益，尽管这些线索被完整地注意到了。我们提出，在自闭症风险谱中观察到，听觉视觉线索的加工受损可能构成了遗传风险因素与不良语言结果之间的联系，并可能代表了自闭症的一种有希望的内表型。
Background Due to familial liability, siblings of children with ASD exhibit elevated risk for language delays. The processes contributing to language delays in this population remain unclear. Methods Considering well-established links between attention to dynamic audiovisual cues inherent in a speaker's face and speech processing, we investigated if attention to a speaker's face and mouth differs in 12-month-old infants at high familial risk for ASD but without ASD diagnosis (hr-sib; n = 91) and in infants at low familial risk (lr-sib; n = 62) for ASD and whether attention at 12 months predicts language outcomes at 18 months. Results At 12 months, hr-sib and lr-sib infants did not differ in attention to face (p = .14), mouth preference (p = .30), or in receptive and expressive language scores (p = .36, p = .33). At 18 months, the hr-sib infants had lower receptive (p = .01) but not expressive (p = .84) language scores than the lr-sib infants. In the lr-sib infants, greater attention to the face (p = .022) and a mouth preference (p = .025) contributed to better language outcomes at 18 months. In the hr-sib infants, neither attention to the face nor a mouth preference was associated with language outcomes at 18 months. Conclusions Unlike low-risk infants, high-risk infants do not appear to benefit from audiovisual prosodic and speech cues in the service of language acquisition despite intact attention to these cues. We propose that impaired processing of audiovisual cues may constitute the link between genetic risk factors and poor language outcomes observed across the autism risk spectrum and may represent a promising endophenotype in autism.