The category effect in social judgment: experimental ratings of happiness.
The category effect in social judgment: experimental ratings of happiness.
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社会判断中的类别效应：幸福的实验评级。
DOI：
10.1037//0022-3514.55.3.341
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发表时间：
1988
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Parducci,A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wedell,DH;Parducci,A
三个实验证明了距离-频率分析对社会判断的适用性。受试者对(A)面部示意图画或(B)用简短的语言描述表达的生活事件的幸福感进行评分。这些刺激的相对频率是通过实验操纵的，评级类别的数量也是如此。与心理物理研究一致，随着类别数量的增加，评级对背景刺激频率的差异变得不那么敏感(类别效应)。随着类别的增加，评级也显示出对实际呈现的刺激范围的较少调整。当连续呈现刺激和当实验集合覆盖有限的范围时，调节的减少更大。这些不同类别数量的影响被解释为反映了用于判断的有效语境的变化：随着类别的增加，语境刺激的有效频率之间的差异减少，并引发新的、更极端的比较值。根据社会判断的动态以及在社会研究中选择适当数量的类别，讨论了使用粗略和精细判断标准的含义。我们认为，评级类别数量的选择应该以研究目标为指导，而不是以寻找“真实”判断为指导。(《心理信息数据库记录(C)2016 APA》，版权所有)
Three experiments demonstrated the applicability of a range–frequency analysis to social judgments. Subjects rated the happiness of either (a) schematic drawings of faces or (b) life events as expressed in short verbal descriptions. The relative frequency of these stimuli was manipulated experimentally, as was the number of rating categories. Consistent with psychophysical research, ratings became less sensitive to differences in the frequencies of contextual stimuli as the number of categories increased (the category effect). With more categories, ratings also showed less adjustment to the range of stimuli actually presented. The reduction in adjustment was greater when stimuli were presented successively and when the experimental set covered a limited range. These effects of varying the number of categories were interpreted as reflecting changes in the effective context for judgment: With more categories, the differences between the effective frequencies of contextual stimuli are reduced and new, more extreme comparison values are evoked. The implications of using coarse versus fine scales of judgment are discussed in terms of the dynamics of social judgment as well as choice of the appropriate number of categories in social research. We argue that selection of the number of rating categories shold be guided by research objectives rather than by a search for" true" judgments.(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)