A testbed for optimizing electrodes embedded in the skull or in artificial skull replacement pieces used after injury.
A testbed for optimizing electrodes embedded in the skull or in artificial skull replacement pieces used after injury.
复制标题
测试床，用于优化嵌入在头骨中的电极或受伤后使用的人造头骨替换件。
DOI：
10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.12.005
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发表时间：
2017-02-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Taylor DM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jiang J;Marathe AR;Keene JC;Taylor DM
定制适配的颅骨替代部件常在头部受伤或手术后用于替换受损的骨头。慢性脑部记录在受伤/手术后对于监测脑部健康和癫痫发作情况是有益的。将电极直接嵌入这些人工颅骨替代部件中，对于这些患者来说，将是一种新颖的、低风险的进行慢性脑部监测的方法。同样，将电极直接嵌入健康的颅骨中，对于许多其他需要慢性脑部记录的神经科学和神经技术应用来说，也是一种可行的微创选择。
我们展示了一个临床前试验台，可用于改进嵌入人工颅骨替代部件的电极设计，或用于直接嵌入颅骨本身。我们探索了一些方案，在不增加记录接触直径的情况下增加接触表面积，以最大限度地提高记录分辨率。
将电极嵌入真颅骨或人工颅骨中，可以利用延伸到颅骨内的导电通道，在不增加记录接触直径的情况下降低电极阻抗。在这个试验台中，嵌入人工颅骨的小接触点密度更高，能够优化电极间距以便在真骨中使用。
对于脑部监测应用，嵌入颅骨的电极填补了头皮表面记录的脑电图与更具侵入性的硬膜外或硬膜下电极片之间的空白。
将电极嵌入颅骨或颅骨替代部件中，可能为慢性脑部监测提供一种安全、方便、微创的替代方法。这里描述的制造方法将有助于在动物模型中进一步测试嵌入颅骨的电极。
Custom-fitted skull replacement pieces are often used after a head injury or surgery to replace damaged bone. Chronic brain recordings are beneficial after injury/surgery for monitoring brain health and seizure development. Embedding electrodes directly in these artificial skull replacement pieces would be a novel, low-risk way to perform chronic brain monitoring in these patients. Similarly, embedding electrodes directly in healthy skull would be a viable minimally-invasive option for many other neuroscience and neurotechnology applications requiring chronic brain recordings. We demonstrate a preclinical testbed that can be used for refining electrode designs embedded in artificial skull replacement pieces or for embedding directly into the skull itself. Options are explored to increase the surface area of the contacts without increasing recording contact diameter to maximize recording resolution. Embedding electrodes in real or artificial skull allows one to lower electrode impedance without increasing the recording contact diameter by making use of conductive channels that extend into the skull. The higher density of small contacts embedded in the artificial skull in this testbed enables one to optimize electrode spacing for use in real bone. For brain monitoring applications, skull-embedded electrodes fill a gap between electroencephalograms recorded on the scalp surface and the more invasive epidural or subdural electrode sheets. Embedding electrodes into the skull or in skull replacement pieces may provide a safe, convenient, minimally-invasive alternative for chronic brain monitoring. The manufacturing methods described here will facilitate further testing of skull-embedded electrodes in animal models.