Coinfection modifies carriage of enzootic and zoonotic parasites in Norway rats from an urban slum
Coinfection modifies carriage of enzootic and zoonotic parasites in Norway rats from an urban slum
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DOI：
10.1002/ecs2.2887
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发表时间：
2019-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Begon, Mike
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Carvalho-Pereira, Ticiana S. A.;Souza, Fabio Neves;Begon, Mike
我们在挪威大鼠（Rattusnorvegicus）的自然种群中检查了蠕虫物种和问号钩端螺旋体细菌之间的双重感染。我们询问混合感染是否会影响城市老鼠体内这些地方性和人畜共患寄生虫的感染概率和强度，这可能会影响排泄到环境中的寄生虫的数量。 2014 年的两个季节在巴西城市贫民窟进行了啮齿动物采样。我们对大鼠的粪便、肾印记和尿液进行了采样，以识别和量化蠕虫卵/幼虫以及问号钩端螺旋体的感染。在 299 只捕获的大鼠中鉴定出 11 种/类蠕虫和问号钩虫。在控制综合环境和宿主生物变量后，进行简单的相关性测试和广义线性模型，分别确定双重感染的一般模式和潜在的影响方向。交互网络中说明了显着的关联。着眼于可能在人类中引起人畜共患病的寄生虫，我们观察到问号钩虫和广州管圆线虫之间的双重感染比预期的要频繁得多。在存在巴西圆线虫的情况下，广州圆线虫的流行率降低，而巴西圆线虫的强度（每克粪便中的卵数）随着问号钩虫和类圆线虫强度的增加而增加，而后者又被发现增加了广州圆线虫的强度。发现问号钩端螺旋体的较高概率与类圆线虫感染有关。我们的研究为评估自然感染的城市老鼠群体中蠕虫共感染情况提供了一个新的视角，超越了之前仅限于描述同时发生的研究。值得注意的是，感染风险取决于合并感染，在控制自然人群中的人畜共患病原体时应考虑到这一点。
We examine coinfection between helminth species and the bacterium Leptospira interrogans in a natural population of the Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus. We ask whether coinfection can influence the probability and intensity of infection of these enzootic and zoonotic parasites in urban rats, which may affect the loads of parasites excreted into the environment. Rodent sampling was carried out during two seasons in 2014 in a Brazilian urban slum. We sampled rats' feces, kidney imprints, and urine to identify and quantify helminth eggs/larvae and infection by L. interrogans. Eleven species/groups of helminths and L. interrogans were identified among 299 captured rats. Simple correlation tests and generalized linear models were performed to identify general patterns of coinfection and potential direction of effects, respectively, after controlling for consolidated environmental and host biotic variables. Significant associations were illustrated in an interaction network. Focusing on parasites with the potential to cause zoonoses among humans, we observed that coinfection between L. interrogans and the nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis was significantly more frequent than expected. Reduced prevalence of A. cantonensis was found in the presence of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, and N. brasiliensis intensities (eggs per gram of feces) were increased with greater intensities of both L. interrogans and Strongyloides sp., the latter of which was, in turn, found to increase the intensities of A. cantonensis. A higher probability of finding L. interrogans was associated with infection by Strongyloides sp. Our study provides a novel perspective on evaluating helminth coinfection profiles in populations of naturally infected urban rats, moving beyond previous studies which have been limited to descriptions of co-occurrence. Noticeably, infection risk was dependent on coinfection and this should be accounted for when targeting the control of zoonotic pathogens in natural populations.