Punishment in human choice: Direct or competitive suppression?
Punishment in human choice: Direct or competitive suppression?
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DOI：
10.1901/jeab.2003.80-1
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发表时间：
2003-07-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Newland, MC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Critchfield, TS;Paletz, EM;Newland, MC
本研究比较了描述强化和惩罚效应整合的两个模型对不良操作选择的预测。Deluty(1976)的竞争-抑制模型(概念上与双因素惩罚理论相关)和De Villiers(1980)的直接抑制模型(概念上与单因素惩罚理论相关)以前被检验为非人类疾病，但没有在个体水平上对人类进行测试。大学生的鼠标点击维持在变区间货币增援的两个备选并发计划中。惩罚包括可变间隔的金钱损失。实验一证明，在这种情况下，金钱损失是一种有效的惩罚手段。实验2包括定性模型比较，类似于以前涉及非人类的研究中使用的模型比较。在无惩罚基线之后，惩罚被叠加在两种反应选择上。在时间表中，直接抑制模型(而不是竞争抑制模型)预测的盟友的表现与基线表现有明显的变化，反之亦然，由7名受试者产生的14个个体主体函数中，有12个支持直接抑制模型。当惩罚模型转换为广义匹配律的形式时，直接抑制模型的最小二乘线性回归模型对7个受试者中的6个优于竞争抑制模型。在实验3中，对改进的模型进行了更全面的定量检验，直接抑制模型的TITS在13例病例中的I I优于I I。这些结果与对非人类进行的调查结果很好地吻合，并提供了第一个个体-受试者证据，证明直接压抑模型在定性和定量上都比竞争压抑模型更好地描述了人类的惩罚。我们讨论了在人类选择中发展更好的惩罚模式和未来惩罚研究的意义。
This investigation compared the predictions of two models describing the integration of reinforcement and punishment effects ill operant choice. Deluty's (1976) competitive-suppression model (conceptually related to two-factor punishment theories) and de Villiers (1980) direct-suppression model (conceptually related to one-factor punishment theories) have been tested previously ill non-humans but not at die individual level ill humans. Mouse clicking by College students Was Maintained in a two-alternative concurrent schedule of variable-interval money reinforcement. Punishment Consisted of variable-interval money losses. Experiment I verified that money loss was an effective punisher in this context. Experiment 2 consisted of qualitative model comparisons similar to those used in previous studies involving nonhumans. Following a no-punishment baseline, punishment, was superimposed Upon both response alternatives. Under schedule ,allies for which the direct-suppression model, but not the competitive-suppression model, predicted distinct shifts from baseline performance, or vice versa, 12 of 14 individual-subject functions, generated by 7 subjects, supported the direct-suppression model. When the punishment models were converted to the form of the generalized matching law, least-squares linear regression fits for a direct-suppression model were superior to those of a competitive-suppression model for 6 of 7 subjects. In Experiment 3, a more thorough quantitative test of the modified models, tits for a direct suppression model were superior in I I of 13 cases. These results correspond well to those of investigations conducted With nonhumans and provide the first individual-subject evidence that a direct suppression model, evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively, de scribes human punishment better than a competitive-suppression model. We discuss implications for developing better punishment models and future investigations of punishment, in human choice.