Neuroglobin and cytoglobin: two new members of globin family.
Neuroglobin and cytoglobin: two new members of globin family.
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DOI：
10.5581/1516-8484.20110082
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Colombo MF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tosqui P;Colombo MF
长期以来，珠蛋白家族一直由肌红蛋白和血红蛋白定义，这两种蛋白质分别具有储存氧气和运输氧气的功能。最近，该家族的两个新成员被发现：存在于神经元和视网膜细胞中的脑红蛋白和存在于各种组织中的细胞红蛋白。这些蛋白质在低氧条件下的表达增加，首先表明了它在氧气供应中的作用。然而，结构和功能上的差异，如六配位的血红素，较高的自氧化率和不同细胞类型之间的不同浓度，已经否定了这一假设。这些珠蛋白的保护作用已经确立。体外和体内研究表明，在脑红蛋白存在的情况下，应激下神经元的存活率增加，对神经退行性疾病的抵抗力增强。然而，其机制仍不清楚。脑红蛋白的功能还包括解毒一氧化氮、清除自由基、作为抗氧化剂和凋亡信号，以及对细胞球蛋白的抗纤维化功能。
The globin family has long been defined by myoglobin and hemoglobin, proteins with the functions of oxygen storage and transportation, respectively. Recently, two new members of this family were discovered: neuroglobin present in neurons and retinal cells and cytoglobin found in various types of tissue. The increased expression of these proteins in hypoxic conditions first suggested a role in oxygen supply. However structural and functional differences, such as the hexacoordinated heme, a high autoxidation rate and different concentrations between different cellular types, have dismissed this hypothesis. The protective role of these globins has already been established. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated increased survival of neurons under stress in the presence of neuroglobin and increased resistance to neurodegenerative diseases. However the mechanism remains unknown. Functions, including detoxification of nitric oxide, free radical scavenging and as an antioxidant and signaling of apoptosis, have also been suggested for neuroglobin and an antifibrotic function for cytoglobin.