Kanamycin Damages Early Postnatal, but Not Adult Spiral Ganglion Neurons.

Kanamycin Damages Early Postnatal, but Not Adult Spiral Ganglion Neurons.
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DOI:
10.1007/s12640-017-9773-2
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发表时间:
2017-11
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Salvi R
Salvi R
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gao K;Ding D;Sun H;Roth J;Salvi R

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虽然卡那霉素等氨基糖苷类抗生素被广泛用于临床治疗危及生命的细菌感染,但耳毒性仍然是一个显著的剂量限制性副作用。流行的观点认为毛细胞是氨基糖苷类药物的主要耳毒性靶点,螺旋神经节神经元在毛细胞死亡后几周或几个月由于缺乏神经营养支持而开始退化。为了测试这一问题的早期发育方面,我们比较了卡那霉素诱导的毛细胞和螺旋神经节病理在出生后第3天的大鼠耳蜗器型培养和成年全耳蜗外植体中的变化。在成体和出生后第3天的培养中,毛细胞损伤开始于耳蜗基底部,并以剂量依赖的方式向顶端发展。在生后第3天的培养中,在毛细胞丢失之前,卡那霉素迅速破坏了螺旋神经节神经元。相反,成年螺旋神经节神经元即使在最高浓度下也对卡那霉素损伤具有抵抗力,这与体内SGN延迟变性的模型一致。在生后第3天的培养中,卡那霉素优先损伤I型螺旋神经节神经元,而II型螺旋神经节神经元具有抵抗性。生后3d神经元螺旋神经节变性与超氧阴离子自由基上调和caspase-3介导的细胞死亡有关。这些结果首次表明,卡那霉素对出生后第3天的螺旋神经节神经元有毒性,但对成年神经元没有毒性。
Although aminoglycoside antibiotics such as kanamycin are widely used clinically to treat life threatening bacterial infections, ototoxicity remains a significant dose-limiting side effect. The prevailing view is that the hair cells are the primary ototoxic target of aminoglycosides and that spiral ganglion neurons begin to degenerate weeks or months after the hair cells have died due to lack of neurotrophic support. To test the early developmental aspects of this issue, we compared kanamycin-induced hair cell and spiral ganglion pathology in rat postnatal day 3 cochlear organotypic cultures with adult whole cochlear explants. In both adult and postnatal day 3 cultures, hair cell damage began at the base of the cochleae and progressed towards the apex in a dose dependent manner. In postnatal day 3 cultures, spiral ganglion neurons were rapidly destroyed by kanamycin prior to hair cell loss. In contrast, adult spiral ganglion neurons were resistant to kanamycin damage even at the highest concentration, consistent with in vivo models of delayed SGN degeneration. In postnatal day 3 cultures, kanamycin preferentially damaged type I spiral ganglion neurons whereas type II neurons were resistant. Spiral ganglion degeneration of postnatal day 3 neurons was associated with upregulation of the superoxide radical and caspase-3 mediated cell death. These results show for the first time that kanamycin is toxic to postnatal day 3 spiral ganglion neurons, but not adult neurons.
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