Tracking of marine predators to protect Southern Ocean ecosystems
Tracking of marine predators to protect Southern Ocean ecosystems
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-020-2126-y
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发表时间：
2020-03-18
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Raymond, Ben
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hindell, Mark A.;Reisinger, Ryan R.;Raymond, Ben
来自南大洋17种海洋捕食者物种的追踪数据被用来确定具有生态意义的区域，保护这些区域有助于减轻南大洋生态系统日益增加的压力。南大洋生态系统受到资源开发和气候变化的压力（1,2）。缓解需要确定和保护具有生态意义的地区，而这些地区迄今尚未在海洋盆地尺度上确定。在这里，我们利用海洋捕食者的集合级跟踪，确定了这一全球重要地区的AESs，并评估了当前的威胁和保护水平。综合17种鸟类和哺乳动物的4000多条轨道，揭示了大西洋和印度洋亚南极岛屿周围以及南极大陆架上空的AESs。捕捞压力不成比例地集中在AESs内部，预计下个世纪的气候变化将对这些地区施加压力，特别是南极大陆周围。目前，南纬40度以南海域有7.1%受到正式保护，占总面积的29%。需要建立和定期修订包括南大洋生态系统在内的保护网络，以长期减轻对南大洋生态系统日益增长的压力。
Tracking data from 17 marine predator species in the Southern Ocean are used to identify Areas of Ecological Significance, the protection of which could help to mitigate increasing pressures on Southern Ocean ecosystems.Southern Ocean ecosystems are under pressure from resource exploitation and climate change(1,2). Mitigation requires the identification and protection of Areas of Ecological Significance (AESs), which have so far not been determined at the ocean-basin scale. Here, using assemblage-level tracking of marine predators, we identify AESs for this globally important region and assess current threats and protection levels. Integration of more than 4,000 tracks from 17 bird and mammal species reveals AESs around sub-Antarctic islands in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and over the Antarctic continental shelf. Fishing pressure is disproportionately concentrated inside AESs, and climate change over the next century is predicted to impose pressure on these areas, particularly around the Antarctic continent. At present, 7.1% of the ocean south of 40 degrees S is under formal protection, including 29% of the total AESs. The establishment and regular revision of networks of protection that encompass AESs are needed to provide long-term mitigation of growing pressures on Southern Ocean ecosystems.