Broiler chicken cecal microbiocenoses depending on mixed fodder
Broiler chicken cecal microbiocenoses depending on mixed fodder
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DOI：
10.1134/s0026261716040056
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发表时间：
2016-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Egorov, I. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fisinin, V. I.;Il'ina, L. A.;Egorov, I. A.
应用分子遗传学技术(NGS测序和定量聚合酶链式反应)对饲喂不同配合饲料的肉鸡盲肠细菌群落组成进行了研究。盲肠微生物群具有分类多样性，既有典型的鸟类肠道菌群属于梭菌科、真细菌科、乳杆菌科和拟杆菌门，也有新的未鉴定的分类群，以及以前被认为仅限于瘤胃微生物区系的乳螺科和瘤胃球菌科的细菌。与传统概念相反，肠球菌和双歧杆菌是群落中的次要成分，没有乳酸发酵物种，检测到但很少检测到典型的葡萄球菌属禽类病原体。还检测到了引起禽类呼吸道感染的Suterellaceae和Gallibacus属的成员。盲肠内微生物群落的丰度和组成以及肉鸡生产力参数的显着波动取决于饲料供给量。饲料中的纤维素含量对细菌群落的组成和结构的影响最为显著。纤维素含量的减少导致细菌丰度下降了一个数量级，并增加了类杆菌门和梭形菌科成员的比例，这些成员拥有降解淀粉多糖的酶。属于乳杆菌属和芽孢杆菌目的禽肠正常居民的丰度下降，而埃希里希菌和莎草科成员的丰度增加，包括一些能够引起禽肠道反生性变化的物种。反刍球菌科、乳螺科和真细菌科的纤维素类物质的丰度没有明显变化。
Molecular genetic techniques (NGS sequencing and quantitative PCR) were used to determine the composition of the cecal bacterial community of broiler chickens fed with different mixed fodder. The cecal microbiome exhibited taxonomic diversity, with both typical inhabitants of avian intestine belonging to the families Clostridiaceae, Eubacteriaceae, and Lactobacillaceae and to the phylum Bacteroidetes, and new unidentified taxa, as well as bacteria of the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, which were previously considered restricted to the rumen microbiota. Contrary to traditional concepts, enterococci and bifidobacteria were among the minor components of the community, lactate-fermenting species were absent, and typical avian pathogens of the genus Staphylococcus were detected but seldom. Members of the family Suterellaceae and the genus Gallibacterium, which are responsible for avian respiratory infections, were also detected. Significant fluctuations of abundance and composition of microbial groups within the cecal community and of the parameters of broiler productivity were found to occur depending on the feed allowance. Cellulose content in the feed had the most pronounced effect on the composition and structure of bacterial communities. Decreased cellulose content resulted in a decrease of bacterial abundance by an order of magnitude and in increased ratios of members of the phylum Bacteroidetes and the family Clostridiaceae, which possess the enzymes degrading starch polysaccharides. Abundance of the normal inhabitants of avian intestine belonging to the genus Lactobacillus and the order Bacillales decreased, while the share of Escherichia and members of the family Sutterellaceae increased, including some species capable of causing dysbiotic changes in the avian intestine. No significant change in the abundance of cellulolytics of the families Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Eubacteriaceae was observed.