Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology
Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology
复制标题
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Natasha Noy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Natasha Noy
1.为什么要建立一个本体论？近年来，本体论的发展--领域中术语及其相互关系的明确形式化规范（Gruber 1993）--已经从计算机情报实验室的领域转移到领域专家的桌面上。本体论在万维网上已经变得普遍。Web上的本体论范围很广，从对Web站点进行分类的大型分类法（如Yahoo！用于销售的产品的分类及其特征（例如在Amazon.com上）。万维网联盟（W3C）正在开发资源描述框架（Brickley和Guha 1999），这是一种用于在网页上编码知识的语言，以使搜索信息的电子代理能够理解。美国国防高级研究计划局（DARPA）与W3C合作，正在开发DARPA Agent Markup Language（DAML），通过扩展RDF，使其具有更多的表达结构，旨在促进Web上的Agent交互（Hendler and McGuinness 2000）。许多学科现在开发了标准化的本体，领域专家可以使用这些本体来共享和注释他们领域的信息。例如，医学已经产生了大型的、标准化的、结构化的词汇表，如SNOMED（Price和Spackman 2000）和统一医学语言系统的语义网络（Humphreys和Lindberg 1993）。广泛的通用本体论也正在出现。例如，联合国开发计划署和邓白氏公司共同努力开发了联合国标准产品和服务编码本体，为产品和服务提供术语（www.unspsc.org）。本体为需要在某个领域中共享信息的研究人员定义了一个公共词汇表。它包括领域中基本概念的机器可解释的定义以及它们之间的关系。为什么会有人想要开发一个本体？其中一些原因是：
1 Why develop an ontology? In recent years the development of ontologies—explicit formal specifications of the terms in the domain and relations among them (Gruber 1993)—has been moving from the realm of ArtificialIntelligence laboratories to the desktops of domain experts. Ontologies have become common on the World-Wide Web. The ontologies on the Web range from large taxonomies categorizing Web sites (such as on Yahoo!) to categorizations of products for sale and their features (such as on Amazon.com). The WWW Consortium (W3C) is developing the Resource Description Framework (Brickley and Guha 1999), a language for encoding knowledge on Web pages to make it understandable to electronic agents searching for information. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), in conjunction with the W3C, is developing DARPA Agent Markup Language (DAML) by extending RDF with more expressive constructs aimed at facilitating agent interaction on the Web (Hendler and McGuinness 2000). Many disciplines now develop standardized ontologies that domain experts can use to share and annotate information in their fields. Medicine, for example, has produced large, standardized, structured vocabularies such as SNOMED (Price and Spackman 2000) and the semantic network of the Unified Medical Language System (Humphreys and Lindberg 1993). Broad general-purpose ontologies are emerging as well. For example, the United Nations Development Program and Dun & Bradstreet combined their efforts to develop the UNSPSC ontology which provides terminology for products and services (www.unspsc.org). An ontology defines a common vocabulary for researchers who need to share information in a domain. It includes machine-interpretable definitions of basic concepts in the domain and relations among them. Why would someone want to develop an ontology? Some of the reasons are: