Electrodialysis of softened produced water from shale gas development
Electrodialysis of softened produced water from shale gas development
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页岩气开发软化采出水的电渗析
DOI：
10.1016/j.jwpe.2021.102486
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Khajouei, Golnoosh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Finklea, Harry;Lin, Lian-Shin;Khajouei, Golnoosh
电渗析(ED)是处理采出水(PW)等高盐度溶液的几种技术之一。用氢氧化钠和碳酸钠沉淀结垢阳离子，对从实验井采集的PW样品(总溶解固体161,000 mg/L)进行软化。经pH调节后，软化后的PW主要含有氯化钠和少量小苏打，并含有少量其他元素。软化后的PW和模拟软化后的PW通过两个阶段的电渗析转化为稀释液和浓缩液。各阶段由稀释液的固定回收率来定义。软化采出水中痕量离子的质量平衡表明，离子交换膜对痕量离子有明显的截留和释放作用。两种阴离子物种，碳酸氢盐和硅酸盐，由于通过阴离子交换膜的低传输而积累在稀释液中。最终的稀释液具有足够低的TDS，可以通过反渗透进一步处理。报告了电渗析阶段的指标(钠、氯和重碳酸盐离子的电流效率、水的传输数、比能量、盐传输能和比成本)和痕量元素的去向。
Electrodialysis (ED) is one of several technologies for treating hypersaline solutions such as produced water (PW). A sample of PW collected from an experimental well (total dissolved solids 161,000 mg/L) was softened using sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate to precipitate scaling cations. After pH adjustment, the softened PW contained mainly sodium chloride with some bicarbonate and traces of other elements. Both the softened PW and a simulated softened PW were converted into diluates and concentrates using electrodialysis in two stages. The stages were defined by a fixed recovery of the diluate. Mass balances for trace ions in the softened produced water revealed a significant effect of sequestration and release by the ion exchange membranes. Two anionic species, bicarbonate and silicate, accumulated in the diluate due to low transport through the anion exchange membranes. The final diluate had a sufficiently low TDS that could be further treated by reverse osmosis. The metrics of the electrodialysis stages (current efficiencies of sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate ions, transport number of water, specific energies, salt transport energies, and specific costs) and the fate of the trace elements are reported.