Witchcraft, Relativism and the Problem of the Criterion
Witchcraft, Relativism and the Problem of the Criterion
复制标题
巫术、相对主义和标准问题
DOI：
10.1007/s10670-009-9193-7
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
H. Sankey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Sankey
本文提出了对认知相对主义挑战的自然主义回应。阿赞德毒物神谕的案例被用作另一种认知规范的例子，该规范可用于证明对日常事件的信念是正确的。虽然怀疑主义和相对主义之间存在区别，但基于标准的怀疑问题提出了支持认知相对主义的论证。然后，基于对怀疑论的特殊主义反应以及对认识规范的保证的自然主义方法，对由此产生的相对论立场做出反应。有人认为，可以比较评估认知规范实现认知目标的能力。与认知相对论相反，有可能为替代认知规范之间的选择提供客观基础。
This paper presents a naturalistic response to the challenge of epistemic relativism. The case of the Azande poison oracle is employed as an example of an alternative epistemic norm which may be used to justify beliefs about everyday occurrences. While a distinction is made between scepticism and relativism, an argument in support of epistemic relativism is presented that is based on the sceptical problem of the criterion. A response to the resulting relativistic position is then provided on the basis of a particularist response to scepticism combined with a naturalistic approach to the warrant of epistemic norms. It is argued that it is possible to comparatively assess the ability of epistemic norms to lead to epistemic aims. As against the epistemic relativist, it is possible to provide an objective basis for the choice between alternative epistemic norms.