Revegetation of Volcano Komagatake after the great Eruption in 1929
Revegetation of Volcano Komagatake after the great Eruption in 1929
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1929 年驹岳火山大喷发后的植被恢复
DOI：
10.15281/jplantres1887.46.208
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发表时间：
1932
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Y. Yoshii
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Y. Yoshii
1929年6月16日，位于北海道南部的驹岳火山突然爆发，持续了两天，对山脚及其邻近地区造成了可怕的破坏。火山爆发时，不仅有浮石流出来，而且喷出大量炽热的浮石块和火山灰。即使是火山口东南7英里处的志贺部村也被浮石层覆盖，平均厚度达到1米，经常是3米。火山浮石和火山灰覆盖的面积估计不少于5000公顷。在火山爆发之前，除了火山口附近和以前的浮石床只允许植物稀疏发展之外，山上覆盖着茂盛的植被。山脚下有茂密的植物群落，包括种植的日本落叶松，最终形成草地或耕地。另一方面，这片不可穿越的森林延伸到一个缓坡上，海拔约600英寸，在那里，桦Ermanni，var。communis形成了一个山地植物群落。在火山爆发期间，所有遭受痛苦的植物都被完全破坏，而那些暴露在浮石流中的植物被烧毁或摧毁，那些承受火山喷发的植物站在被剥夺了所有芽的沉积物中。所有的树木和灌木的叶子甚至受到火山灰的轻微灰尘的影响，有些树木只受到有害气体的影响，暂时受到损害，尽管新的芽在爆发后不久就发芽了。
On June 16th 1929 the volcano Komagatake which stands on the southern part of Hokkaido, suddenly erupted and lasted for two days, doing terrible damages at the foot of the mountain as well as to its neighbouring districts. By the outburst not only pumice flowed out2) but great masses of hot pumice blocks and ashes were ejected. Even the village of Shikabe seven miles southeast of the crater was covered with layers of pumice reaching an average thickness of one meter and frequently three meters. The area covered with volcanic pumice and ashes was estimated to be no less than 5000 ha. Before the eruption took place, the mountain was clothed with luxuriant vegetation, except for the vicinity of the crater and the previous pumice-beds which permitted only spare development of plants. Dense plant communities, including the planting of Larix leptolepis, were represented at the foot of the mountain, which ended in a grass meadow or cultivated fields. On the other hand the impenetrable forest extended over a gentle slope to an elevation of some 600 in, where Betula Ermanni, var. communis formed a montane plant community. During the eruption, all the plants subjected to suffering were completely damaged while those exposed to the courses of pumice flows were burned or destroyed, those that sustained the volcanic ejections stood in the deposits robbed of all their shoots. The leaves of all the trees and shrubs suffered even from the, slight dust of volcanic ashes, and some trees influenced only by injurious gases were temporarily damaged, although fresh shoots sprouted soon after the eruption.3) Now the questions arise as to how does the vegetation come out on such bare land and in what manner do plant communities develop.