Exposure of Protected and Unprotected Forest to Plant Invasions in the Eastern United States
Exposure of Protected and Unprotected Forest to Plant Invasions in the Eastern United States
复制标题
DOI：
10.3390/f9110723
复制
发表时间：
2018-11
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
K. Riitters;K. Potter;B. Iannone;C. Oswalt;Q. Guo;S. Fei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Riitters;K. Potter;B. Iannone;C. Oswalt;Q. Guo;S. Fei
研究重点：我们展示了一个宏观尺度框架相结合的入侵模型与森林资源清查数据，并评估区域森林暴露于有害入侵植物在不同类型的森林保护。背景和目标：保护区是自然资源保护的基本组成部分。受保护的森林受到入侵植物的侵害，这可能会阻碍保护目标的实现，而限制森林入侵的保护措施的有效性也不确定。我们对美国东部受保护和未受保护的森林对有害入侵植物的暴露进行了宏观评估。材料与方法：根据立地和景观属性，估计了82 506个清查样地的不可侵入性（森林立地被侵入的概率）。入侵的森林面积估计通过使用库存样本设计，以扩大地块入侵估计所有森林面积。比较了13个生态省（市）7类保护林与实际保护林（公有林）和未保护林的入侵性和被入侵面积。结果如下：我们估计，大约51%的森林总面积已经暴露于有害的入侵植物，包括30%的保护森林，38%的事实上的保护森林和56%的未受保护的森林。基于累积侵袭性，保护类别的相对暴露取决于假设的侵袭性阈值。根据被入侵的森林面积，五个暴露最少的保护类别是荒野地区（13%被入侵），国家公园（18%），可持续利用（26%），自然保护区（31%）和事实上受保护的联邦土地（36%）。在未受侵犯的森林总面积中，只有15%受到保护，14%得到实际保护。结论：任何保护都比没有保护好，公有制本身与某些形式的正式保护一样有效。由于大多数剩余的未受侵犯的森林地区没有受到保护，森林一级的管理战略将提供最多的机会来保护它。
Research Highlights: We demonstrate a macroscale framework combining an invasibility model with forest inventory data, and evaluate regional forest exposure to harmful invasive plants under different types of forest protection. Background and Objectives: Protected areas are a fundamental component of natural resource conservation. The exposure of protected forests to invasive plants can impede achievement of conservation goals, and the effectiveness of protection for limiting forest invasions is uncertain. We conducted a macroscale assessment of the exposure of protected and unprotected forests to harmful invasive plants in the eastern United States. Materials and Methods: Invasibility (the probability that a forest site has been invaded) was estimated for 82,506 inventory plots from site and landscape attributes. The invaded forest area was estimated by using the inventory sample design to scale up plot invasibility estimates to all forest area. We compared the invasibility and the invaded forest area of seven categories of protection with that of de facto protected (publicly owned) forest and unprotected forest in 13 ecological provinces. Results: We estimate approximately 51% of the total forest area has been exposed to harmful invasive plants, including 30% of the protected forest, 38% of the de facto protected forest, and 56% of the unprotected forest. Based on cumulative invasibility, the relative exposure of protection categories depended on the assumed invasibility threshold. Based on the invaded forest area, the five least-exposed protection categories were wilderness area (13% invaded), national park (18%), sustainable use (26%), nature reserve (31%), and de facto protected Federal land (36%). Of the total uninvaded forest area, only 15% was protected and 14% had de facto protection. Conclusions: Any protection is better than none, and public ownership alone is as effective as some types of formal protection. Since most of the remaining uninvaded forest area is unprotected, landscape-level management strategies will provide the most opportunities to conserve it.