Learned helplessness, depression, and the attribution of failure.
Learned helplessness, depression, and the attribution of failure.
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习得性无助、抑郁和失败的归因。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1976
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
M. Seligman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. C. Klein;E. Fencil;M. Seligman
抑郁症和非抑郁症大学生获得了可解决、不可解决或无歧视问题的经验。当后来对一系列模式化字谜进行测试时，抑郁组的表现比非抑郁组更差，而无法解决的组比可解决的组和对照组的表现更差。正如抑郁症的习得性无助模型所预测的那样，面对无法解决的问题的非抑郁症受试者表现出与自然发生的抑郁症相似的字谜缺陷。当抑郁的受试者将自己的失败归因于问题的难度而不是自己的无能时，表现会显着提高。因此，失败本身显然不足以使人产生无助缺陷，但导致对个人能力信心下降的失败就足够了。
Depressed and nondepressed college students received experience with solvable, unsolvable, or no discrimination problems. When later tested on a series of patterned anagrams, depressed groups performed worse than nondepressed groups, and unsolvable groups performed worse than solvable and control groups. As predicted by the learned helplessness model of depression, nondepressed subjects given unsolvable problems showed anagram deficits parallel to those found in naturally occurring depression. When depressed subjects attributed their failure to the difficulty of the problems rather than to their own incompetence, performance improved strikingly. So, failure in itself is apparently not sufficient to produce helplessness deficits in man, but failure that leads to a decreased belief in personal competence is sufficient.