PHASE-SHIFTS IN CORAL-REEF COMMUNITIES AND THEIR ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE
PHASE-SHIFTS IN CORAL-REEF COMMUNITIES AND THEIR ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00008211
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发表时间：
1992-11-20
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
DONE, TJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DONE, TJ
世界各地的许多珊瑚礁已经退化到其目前的内在价值和用途大大降低的程度：(大量珊瑚死亡，随后藻类入侵；珊瑚礁渔业局部枯竭；与物理和生物侵蚀相比，珊瑚礁的增加不足)。虽然我们有时可以确定最近的原因(珊瑚捕食者和食虫者的暴发；过度捕捞；栖息地破坏)，但我们没有很好地了解种群、群落和生态系统的结构和功能与未退化的珊瑚礁有何不同。我们认识上的不足限制了我们解释珊瑚礁退化的长期意义的能力，从而限制了我们制定以科学为基础的珊瑚礁养护和管理计划的能力。基于不加批判地接受任何关于时间变化的各种观点而采取的特定行动或缺乏行动，可能导致特定珊瑚礁的进一步恶化。这些观点--珊瑚礁要么天生坚固，要么天生脆弱，要么天生具有弹性--在所有的时空尺度上都是不正确的。本报告回顾了各种模型和案例研究，这些模型和案例研究表明，珊瑚礁可以被突然撞击或从一个阶段(以珊瑚为主)缓慢移动到另一个阶段(珊瑚枯竭和/或以藻类为主)。向另一个方向的转变(“恢复”)涉及种群和群落(所有与珊瑚礁相关的生物群，而不仅仅是固着的底栖生物)以及珊瑚礁功能(如群落新陈代谢、营养动态)的变化(例如，演替)，这些变化具有巨大的内在利益，但人们对此知之甚少。
Many coral reefs around the world have degraded to a degree that their present intrinsic value and utility are greatly reduced: (mass coral mortality followed by algal invasions; local depletions of reef fisheries; deficit of reef accretion compared to physical and biological erosion). Though we can sometimes identify proximal causes (outbreaks of coral predators and eroders; over-fishing; habitat destruction), we do not have a good understanding of how population, community and ecosystem structure and function differ in degraded from un-degraded reefs. The deficiencies in our understanding limit our ability to interpret the long-term significance of reef degradation, and therefore to develop scientifically based plans for conservation and management of reefs.A particular course of action, or lack of action, based on uncritical acceptance of any of the various views of temporal variability can lead to further deterioration of specific reefs. None of these views - that reefs are either inherently robust, inherently fragile, or inherently resilient - is true over all time-space scales. This presentation reviews various models and case studies which suggest that reefs can be knocked precipitously or move slowly from one phase (coral-dominated) to another (coral-depleted and/or algal dominated). Transitions in the other direction ('recovery') involve changes (e.g. succession) in populations and communities (of all reef-associated biota, not just sessile benthos), and in reef function (e.g. community metabolism, trophodynamics) which are of great intrinsic interest but only poorly understood.