Using the attribute amnesia paradigm to test the automatic memory advantage of person names
Using the attribute amnesia paradigm to test the automatic memory advantage of person names
复制标题
利用属性遗忘范式测试人名的自动记忆优势。
DOI：
10.3758/s13423-021-01975-0
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发表时间：
2021-07-12
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Qin, Pengmin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu, Yueyao;Huang, Can;Qin, Pengmin
人名具有广泛的含义，如性别和文化信息，在我们的社会交往中起着至关重要的作用。人名的有意记忆优势已被证实，但人名的自动记忆优势是否存在尚不清楚。为了探索这个问题，我们使用了一种被称为属性遗忘的范式，它允许我们在工作记忆任务中测试人名的自动记忆。在实验1中，我们采用经典的属性遗忘范式，包括11个要求被试在三个干扰物中报告目标（人名或动物名字）位置的预惊喜试验和一个要求被试意外报告目标身份的惊喜试验。结果表明，在惊喜测试中，人名的身份报告准确性显著优于作为对照组的动物名字。实验2重复了实验1，但根据前人的研究，增加了惊喜前试验的数量，这可能会降低惊喜检验的报告准确性。结果表明，人名的惊喜测验正确率显著下降，与动物名字的惊喜测验正确率无显著差异。结果表明，工作记忆中存在人名的自动记忆优势；然而，这种自动记忆优势效应可以在参与者通过足够的试验学会停止自动编码出席但不需要报告的人名后减少。
Person names, which hold within them extensive meaning, such as gender and cultural information, play an essential role in our social interaction. The intentional memory advantage of person names has been proved, but whether the automatic memory advantage of them exists remains unclear. In order to explore this question, we used a paradigm called attribute amnesia that allows us to test the automatic memory of person names in a working memory task. In Experiment 1, we adopted a classic attribute amnesia paradigm including 11 pre-surprise trials requiring participants to report the location of the target (person names or animal names) among three distractors and one surprise trial requiring them to unexpectedly report the identity of the target. The results showed that the identity report accuracy of person names in the surprise test was significantly better than that of animal names that served as a control group. Experiment 2 replicated Experiment 1 but increased the number of pre-surprise trials that could reduce the report accuracy of surprise test according to previous studies. The results revealed that the accuracy of the surprise test of person names decreased significantly, and showed no significant difference from that of animal names. These results suggest that there exists an automatic memory advantage of person names in working memory; however, such an automatic memory advantage effect could be reduced after participants learn to stop automatically encoding the attended but no-need-to-report person names through experiencing sufficient trials.