SELF-REGULATORY MECHANISMS GOVERNING GENDER DEVELOPMENT
SELF-REGULATORY MECHANISMS GOVERNING GENDER DEVELOPMENT
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01692.x
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发表时间：
1992-10-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
BANDURA, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BUSSEY, K;BANDURA, A
本研究检验了社会认知理论对性别相关思维和行为发展的预测。对4个性别恒定性水平的儿童在不同情境条件下的性别知识、个人性别标准和性别关联行为进行了评估。无论性别一致性水平如何，所有儿童的同性类型行为多于异性类型行为。年龄较小的儿童对同龄人与性别相关的行为以性别刻板印象的方式做出反应，但没有根据个人性别标准来规范自己的行为。年龄较大的儿童表现出基于个人标准的大量自我调节指导。他们对同性类型的行为表示预期的自我认可，对异性类型的行为表示自我批评。他们的预期自我制裁预测了他们实际的与性别有关的行为。性别知识和性别恒定性都不能预测与性别相关的行为。这些结果支持了社会认知理论，即对与性别相关的行为的评估和调控从预见性社会制裁发展到植根于个人标准的预期性自我制裁。
This study tested predictions about development of gender-related thought and action from social cognitive theory. Children at 4 levels of gender constancy were assessed for their gender knowledge, personal gender standards, and gender-linked behavior under different situational conditions. Irrespective of gender constancy level, all children engaged in more same-sex than cross-sex typed behavior. Younger children reacted in a gender stereotypic manner to peers' gender-linked behavior but did not regulate their own behavior on the basis of personal gender standards. Older children exhibited substantial self-regulatory guidance based on personal standards. They expressed anticipatory self-approval for same-sex typed behavior and self-criticism for cross-sex typed behavior. Their anticipatory self-sanctions, in tum, predicted their actual gender-linked behavior. Neither gender knowledge nor gender constancy predicted gender-linked behavior. These results lend support to social cognitive theory that evaluation and regulation of gender-linked conduct shifts developmentally from anticipatory social sanctions to anticipatory self-sanctions rooted in personal standards.