Evidence for Bosonization in a Three-Dimensional Gas of SU(N) Fermions
Evidence for Bosonization in a Three-Dimensional Gas of SU(N) Fermions
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DOI：
10.1103/physrevx.10.041053
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发表时间：
2019-12
影响因子：
12.5
通讯作者：
B. Song;Yangqian Yan;Chengdong He;Zejian Ren;Qi Zhou;Gyu-Boong Jo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Song;Yangqian Yan;Chengdong He;Zejian Ren;Qi Zhou;Gyu-Boong Jo
具有SU($N$)对称性的多组份费米气体在大的$N$极限中表现出类似于无自旋玻色子的行为，在该极限中，大量的内态削弱了泡利不相容原理的约束。尽管模糊玻色子和费米子之间的边界是多学科的核心，但到目前为止，SU($N$)费米子的玻色化只在一维(1D)系统中进行了实验测试。在这里，我们报道了三维(3D)SU$(N)$费米子Yb气体中玻色化的证据，其中$N$可调。利用柱积分动量分布，我们测量了接触，这是控制稀薄量子气体的中心量，在我们的系统中具有高信噪比。我们发现，在低逸度区，每个自旋的接触接近一个常数，其标度为$1/N$。这种标度意味着费米子统计在热力学中的作用消失，并揭示了3DSU($N$)费米子中玻色化的有趣本质。我们的工作提出了一条利用接触来探索多组分量子系统及其基本对称性的新途径。
A multi-component Fermi gas with SU($N$) symmetry is expected to behave like spinless bosons in the large $N$ limit, where the large number of internal states weakens constraints from the Pauli exclusion principle. Whereas blurring the boundary between bosons and fermions lies at the heart of multiple disciplines, bosonization of SU($N$) fermions has been experimentally tested only in a one-dimensional (1D) system so far. Here, we report evidence for bosonization in a three-dimensional (3D) SU$(N)$ fermionic Ytterbium gas with tunable $N$. Using the column integrated momentum distribution, we measure contacts, the central quantity controlling dilute quantum gases, with a high signal-to-noise ratio in our system. We find that the contact per spin approaches a constant with a $1/N$ scaling in the low fugacity regime. This scaling signifies the vanishing role of the fermionic statistics in thermodynamics, and unfolds the intriguing nature of bosonization in 3D SU($N$) fermions. Our work suggests a new route of using contacts to explore multi-component quantum systems and their underlying symmetries.