Effective responses to non-communicable diseases : embracing action beyond the health sector
Effective responses to non-communicable diseases : embracing action beyond the health sector
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有效应对非传染性疾病：采取卫生部门以外的行动
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. N. Harrit
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Montserrat Meiro;T. Villafana;M. N. Harrit
有效应对非传染性疾病：采取卫生部门以外的行动侧重于解决办法，指出预防和控制非传染性疾病的机会以及实现这一目标的行动种类。它们造成疾病、残疾和死亡，并降低对发展至关重要的生产力。它们还对保健服务造成了高昂的费用，特别是因为非传染性疾病经常导致持续残疾和需要长期护理。导致健康老龄化和降低发病率的预防远比单纯治疗更具成本效益和财政可持续性。少数经证实的预防措施可以遏制非传染性疾病流行的上升。数据表明，以五个关键领域为重点的负担得起的、有效的预防工具具有潜力：烟草、酒精、饮食、运动和营养。针对这些地区的计划可以将非传染性疾病的负担减少一半以上，而成本仅占当前卫生支出的一小部分。由于成功的预防涉及多个部门和行为体，各国需要通过一个框架，明确规定每个行为体的不同问责程度。这样一个框架将需要强有力的国家支持，但已有工具、实例和支助机构可供促进这一点。中低收入国家可以抓住机遇，立即采取行动，应对非传染性疾病和这些疾病的潜在风险因素。如果它们这样做，这些国家将大大增加其充分享受人口红利的前景，并确保其人民在未来几年的持续经济发展、更大的平等和更好的生活质量。
Effective responses to non-communicable disease: Embracing action beyond the health sector focuses on solutions, indicating opportunities for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and the kinds of actions that will achieve it. NCDs exact a heavy toll on individuals and society. They cause disease, disability, and death, and reduce productivity which is vital for development. They also impose hefty costs on health services, particularly since NCDs frequently lead to ongoing disability and need for long-term care. Prevention that results in healthy aging and the reduction of morbidity is far more cost-effective and financially sustainable than treatment alone. A small number of proven prevention measures could stem the rise of the NCD epidemic. Data indicate the potential of affordable, potent, prevention tools focused on five key areas: tobacco, alcohol, diet, exercise and nutrition. Together, programs targeting these areas could reduce the burden of NCDs by more than half, while costing only a tiny fraction of current health spending. Since successful prevention involves multiple sectors and actors, countries will need to adopt a framework that clearly sets out the different levels of accountability of each role player. Such a framework will require strong national buy-in, but there are tools, examples, and support agencies available to facilitate this. Middle- and low-income countries can seize the opportunity and act now to tackle NCDs and the underlying risk factors of these diseases. If they do so, these countries will greatly increase their prospects of reaping the full benefits of their demographic dividend, and of ensuring sustained economic development, greater equality, and a better quality of life for their people in the years ahead.