Attitudes and practices of physicians concerning breast-feeding and its management.
Attitudes and practices of physicians concerning breast-feeding and its management.
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医生对母乳喂养及其管理的态度和做法。
DOI：
10.1093/tropej/22.6.288
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发表时间：
1976
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Hollen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Hollen
研究人员对美国产科医生和儿科医生的态度和做法进行了研究，旨在深入了解为什么更多的母亲不选择母乳喂养婴儿，以及为什么许多真正想要母乳喂养的母亲在尝试中失败。重点是研究医生对母乳喂养的一般价值的态度，以及他们向想要母乳喂养孩子的母亲提供的实用建议和帮助的态度。总共 205 名医生的姓名和地址是从 1974-1975 年洛杉矶县医学协会名录中获得的。最终样本包括 105 名产科医生和 73 名儿科医生。一份 5 页的自填问卷被邮寄给两个样本中的所有医生。共回收 46 份可用的产科医生问卷和 52 份可用的儿科医生问卷。 58% 的儿科医生和 38% 的产科医生表示母乳喂养“非常重要”。没有一位儿科医生表示母乳喂养“不是很重要”，只有 4% 的儿科医生对此持中立态度。 33%的产科医生给出了这些答案。无法确定医生认为母乳喂养重要或不重要的具体原因。只有 30% 的医生表示他们经常尝试说服患者进行母乳喂养。 52% 的受访者表示，只有当母亲表示有兴趣时，他们才会尝试说服母亲进行母乳喂养。 42% 的受访者回答说，他们会鼓励犹豫不决的母亲进行母乳喂养。关于医生提供的建议类型的许多问题都与哺乳管理实践有关，这被认为是成功与困难之间的关键区别。总样本中 73% 的人表示他们讨论了护理技术，但只有少数人报告说他们在产前或产后向患者谈论乳房的解剖结构和“喷乳反射”。 42% 的儿科医生和 7% 的产科医生正确指导母亲仅用水清洗乳头。书籍和其他个人（分别为 65% 和 64%）是医生获取母乳喂养信息的来源。研究结果表明，美国医生对母乳喂养的态度普遍是冷漠，儿科医生似乎比产科医生对母乳喂养更感兴趣，也更了解母乳喂养。
The attitudes and practices of a selected sample of American obstetricians and pediatricians was studied in an effort to gain insight into why more mothers do not choose to breast feed their babies and why many mothers, who really want to breast feed, are unsuccessful in their attempts. Emphasis was on studying physicians' attitudes toward the general value of breast feeding and to the practical advice and help they give to mothers who want to breast feed their children. The names and addresses of a total of 205 physicians were obtained from the 1974-1975 Directory of the Los Angeles County Medical Association. The final sample included 105 obstetricians and 73 pediatricians. A 5-page self-administered questionnaire was mailed to all physicians in both samples. 46 usable obstetrician questionnaires and 52 usable pediatrician questionnaires were returned. 58% of the pediatricians as compared to 38% of the obsteticians said that breast feeding was "very important." None of the pediatricians said that breast feeding was "not very important" and only 4% reported neutral feelings about it. 33% of the obstricians gave these answers. It was not possible to determine the specific reasons why the physicians felt that breast feeding was or was not important. Only 30% of the physicians indicated that they routinely try to persuade their patients to breast feed. 52% said they would try to persuade a mother to breast feed only if she expressed an interest in it. 42% replied that they would encourage an undecided mother to breast feed. Many questions regarding the type of advice given by the physicians were concerned with the lactation management practices which are considered to make a crucial difference between success and difficulty. 73% of the total sample indicated that they discuss nursing techniques but only a minority reported that they give their patients either a prenatal or postnatal talk about the anatomy of the breast and the "let-down reflex." 42% of the pediatricians as compared to 7% of the obstetricians correctly instructed mothers to wash their nipples with water only. Books and other individuals (65% and 64%, respectively) were physicians' sources of breast feeding information. The study findings indicate that the attitude of American physicians towards breast feeding is generally 1 of indifference with pediatricians appearing more interested in and knowledgeable about breast feeding than obstetricians.