Asbestos: Modern Insights for Toxicology in the Era of Engineered Nanomaterials
Asbestos: Modern Insights for Toxicology in the Era of Engineered Nanomaterials
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00146
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发表时间：
2018-10-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
MacFarlane, Marion
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Felley-Bosco, Emanuela;MacFarlane, Marion
石棉纤维是天然存在的硅酸盐，过去曾被广泛使用，包括房屋建筑，但由于其毒性，它们的使用已被63个国家禁止。尽管如此，在尚未禁止使用石棉的国家，每年仍消耗100多万公吨石棉。在一些国家，包括30多年前禁止使用石棉的国家，与石棉有关的疾病发病率仍在增加。我们在这里强调最近的知识，在实验模型中获得的机制，导致肿瘤的发展后，石棉暴露，包括遗传和表观遗传的变化。重要的是，在肿瘤样本中实验观察到的变化情况与临床肿瘤样本中观察到的变化一致;因此，对早期/癌前阶段进行的研究应有助于为二级预防提供信息，这在缺乏有效的一级预防的情况下仍然至关重要。收集到的关于石棉的知识还应有助于应对未来的挑战，特别是鉴于可能与石棉纤维具有类似性能的新材料的生产增加。
Asbestos fibers are naturally occurring silicates that have been extensively used in the past, including house construction, but because of their toxicity, their use has been banned in 63 countries. Despite this, more than one million metric tons of asbestos are still consumed annually in countries where asbestos use has not been banned. Asbestos-related disease incidence is still increasing in several countries, including those countries that banned the use of asbestos more than 30 years ago. We highlight here recent knowledge obtained in experimental models about the mechanisms leading to tumor development following asbestos exposure, including genetic and epigenetic changes. Importantly, the landscape of alterations observed experimentally in tumor samples is consistent with alterations observed in clinical tumor samples; therefore, studies performed on early/precancer stages should help inform secondary prevention, which remains crucial in the absence of an efficient primary prevention. Knowledge gathered on asbestos should also help address future challenges, especially in view of the increased production of new materials that may behave similarly to asbestos fibers.