Pre-impact lower extremity posture and brake pedal force predict foot and ankle forces during an automobile collision.
Pre-impact lower extremity posture and brake pedal force predict foot and ankle forces during an automobile collision.
复制标题
碰撞前下肢姿势和制动踏板力可以预测汽车碰撞期间脚和脚踝的力。
DOI：
10.1115/1.1824122
复制
发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. J. V. D. Bogert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Hardin;A. Su;A. J. V. D. Bogert
背景
本研究的目的是确定如何驾驶员的脚和脚踝的力量在正面车辆碰撞取决于初始下肢姿势和制动踏板力。
接近方法
使用了具有七个节段和六个右侧肌肉群的2D肌肉骨骼模型。一个三秒钟制动任务的模拟发现了3647组肌肉激活水平，导致稳定的制动姿势与现实的踏板力。然后将这些激活模式用于碰撞模拟，其中应用车辆减速并模拟驾驶员运动以及脚部和脚踝力。计算后足最大地面反作用力（F（RF））、跟腱最大力（FAT）、跟骨最大力（F（CF））和踝关节最大力（F（AJ））。
结果
冲击模拟期间的峰值力为476 +/- 687 N（F（RF））、2934 +/- 944 N（F（CF））和2449 +/- 918 N（F（AJ））。许多模拟导致可能导致骨折的力水平。多元二次回归分析表明，碰撞前制动踏板力（PF）、膝关节角度（KA）和足跟距离（HD）分别解释了峰值FRF、峰值F（CF）和峰值F（AJ）的72%、62%和73%的方差。
结论
碰撞过程中的脚和踝关节力取决于初始姿势和踏板力。在保持座椅位置固定的同时，增加膝关节屈曲的制动姿势与碰撞期间更高的脚和踝关节力相关。
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to determine how a driver's foot and ankle forces during a frontal vehicle collision depend on initial lower extremity posture and brake pedal force.
METHOD OF APPROACH
A 2D musculoskeletal model with seven segments and six right-side muscle groups was used. A simulation of a three-second braking task found 3647 sets of muscle activation levels that resulted in stable braking postures with realistic pedal force. These activation patterns were then used in impact simulations where vehicle deceleration was applied and driver movements and foot and ankle forces were simulated. Peak rearfoot ground reaction force (F(RF)), peak Achilles tendon force (FAT), peak calcaneal force (F(CF)) and peak ankle joint force (F(AJ)) were calculated.
RESULTS
Peak forces during the impact simulation were 476 +/- 687 N (F(RF)), 2934 +/- 944 N (F(CF)) and 2449 +/- 918 N (F(AJ)). Many simulations resulted in force levels that could cause fractures. Multivariate quadratic regression determined that the pre-impact brake pedal force (PF), knee angle (KA) and heel distance (HD) explained 72% of the variance in peak FRF, 62% in peak F(CF) and 73% in peak F(AJ).
CONCLUSIONS
Foot and ankle forces during a collision depend on initial posture and pedal force. Braking postures with increased knee flexion, while keeping the seat position fixed, are associated with higher foot and ankle forces during a collision.