Same job, different rewards: The gender pay gap among physicians in Italy
Same job, different rewards: The gender pay gap among physicians in Italy
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DOI：
10.1111/gwao.12351
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发表时间：
2019-11-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Gaiaschi, Camilla
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gaiaschi, Camilla
妇女在医疗行业取得了重大进步，但尽管有这种平等的趋势，男女薪酬差距仍然存在。本研究调查了意大利医生收入差异的决定因素。这项分析基于伦巴第大区五家医院的1000多名医生的数据集。数据是通过在线调查收集的，回复率为48.7%，妇女集中在职业阶梯的较低级别，她们作为私人开业医生工作的倾向较低，以及她们较少集中在外科专业，这些都是造成性别收入差距的原因。有子女和配偶或同居伴侣会使男子的收入增加，但对妇女没有惩罚，这表明对父亲和丈夫的积极歧视比对母亲和妻子的消极歧视更强烈。另一方面，与婚姻和父母状况相关的性别差距在公立医院比私立医院更大，至少到第二个孩子为止。一旦控制了特征上的差异，妇女的收入比男子少18%。这种处罚应归因于雇主的歧视和/或未被注意到的特征。这些研究结果对人力资本观点提出了挑战，呼吁人们关注结构性机制在产生不平等方面的作用。
Women have made significant progress in the medical profession, but despite this trend towards equality, the gender pay gap persists. This study investigates the determinants of earning differentials among physicians in Italy. This analysis is based on a dataset of more than 1000 doctors working in five hospitals in the Lombardy region. Data were collected through an online survey with a response rate of 48.7 per cent. Women's concentration in the lower ranks of the career ladder, their lower propensity to work as private practitioners and their lower concentration in surgical specialties contribute to the gender income gap. Having children and a spouse or a cohabiting partner entails a premium on income for men, but no penalty for women, which suggests that positive discrimination towards fathers and husbands is stronger than negative discrimination towards mothers and wives. On the other hand, the gender gap associated with marital and parental status is stronger in public hospitals than in private hospitals, at least up to the second child. Once differences in characteristics are controlled, women earn 18 per cent less than men. This penalty should be ascribed to employer's discrimination and/or unobserved characteristics. These findings challenge the human capital perspective by calling for attention into the role of structural mechanisms in producing inequalities.