A Risk Determining Model for Hazardous Material Operations: Part II
A Risk Determining Model for Hazardous Material Operations: Part II
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危险材料操作的风险确定模型：第二部分
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Cournoyer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Cournoyer
安全工作实践是综合安全管理（ISM）的重要组成部分，适用于环境、安全和健康问题。安全工作实践要求定义工作;建立、记录和维护一个有效的危险控制系统，在该系统中执行工作;并授权定义的工作和工人执行工作[1]。将安全工作实践与工作活动相结合，要求工人及其直线经理/主管使用系统的、量身定制的方法和良好的判断力，将其工作知识应用于识别危险和控制，以便安全地进行工作。最明显的是，当一名部门经理/主管被要求评估与工作有关的初始风险和剩余风险时，就需要作出良好的判断。如果直线经理/主管低估了与活动相关的初始风险，则不执行某些要求的独立同行和/或环境、健康和安全（ES&H）主题专家评审。如果部门经理/主管高估了初始风险，就会出现不必要的费用和延误。当剩余风险被误判时，也会出现类似的问题。低估剩余风险可能导致危险材料操作造成不可接受的风险。过高估计剩余风险会导致过度定期审查操作和过度培训导致工作放缓。
Safe work practices are an essential part of Integrated Safety Management (ISM) and apply to issues of environment, safety, and health. Safe work practices require defining the work; establishing, documenting, and maintaining an effective hazard-control system within which the work is performed; and authorizing both the defined work and the workers to perform the work [1]. Integrating safe work practices with work activities requires workers and their line managers/supervisors to use a systematic, tailored approach and good judgment in applying their knowledge of the work to identifying hazards and controls so that the work can be performed safely. Nowhere is the need for good judgment more apparent than when a line manager/ supervisor is called upon to evaluate the initial and residual risks associated with the work. If a line manager/supervisor underestimates the initial risk associated with an activity, certain required levels of independent peer and/or Environmental, Health & Safety (ES&H) subject matter expert reviews are not performed. If a line manager/ supervisor overestimates the initial risk, unnecessary expense and delays are encountered. Similar issues develop when the residual risk is misjudged. Underestimating the residual risk could result in hazardous material operations that pose an unacceptable risk being conducted. Overestimating the residual risk leads to work slowdowns caused by excessive periodical reviews of operations and overtraining.