The rarity of direct experiences of nature in an urban population
The rarity of direct experiences of nature in an urban population
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DOI：
10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.12.006
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发表时间：
2017-04-01
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
Gaston, Kevin J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cox, Daniel T. C.;Hudson, Hannah L.;Gaston, Kevin J.
随着人们的生活方式越来越城市化，有可能失去与大自然的日常接触，从而减少了与大自然互动所带来的广泛的相关健康益处。不同人群对自然的体验差异很大，但人们对这种差异知之甚少。我们调查了1023名英国城市居民，以测量四种明显不同的自然互动：间接（在工作和家中通过窗户观看自然），偶然（在工作中花费时间），故意。(time花在私人花园）和故意（花在公共公园的时间）。扩大到整个研究人群，人们每周接触每种类型的自然互动的总小时数的累积曲线显示，一半的人口经历了75%的自然互动。此外，75%的人在自然界中实际存在的互动只有32%的人经历过。每个人每周体验自然的平均时间因相互作用而异：间接（46.0 +/- 27.3 SD），偶然（6.4 +/- 12.7 SD），有意花园（2.5 +/- 2.9 SD）和有意公园（2.3 +/- 2.7 SD）。经常体验自然似乎是例外，而不是规范，一个人与自然的联系与偶然和有意的经历呈正相关。这项新的研究提供了关于城市人口如何体验不同类型自然的基线信息。解构自然经验将为制定针对性健康结果的建议铺平道路。(C)2016作者由爱思唯尔公司出版
As people live more urbanised lifestyles there is potential to lose daily contact with nature, diminishing access to the wide range of associated health benefits of interacting with nature. Experiences of nature vary widely across populations, but this variation is poorly understood. We surveyed 1023 residents of an urban population in the UK to measure four distinctly different nature interactions: indirect (viewing nature through a window at work and at home), incidental (spending time outside at work), intentional. (time spent in private gardens) and intentional (time spent in public parks). Scaled-up to the whole study population, accumulation curves of the total number of hours per week that people were exposed to each type of nature interaction showed that 75% of nature interactions were experienced by half the population. Moreover, 75% of the interactions of a type where people were actually present in nature were experienced by just 32% of the population. The average hours each individual experienced nature per week varied across interactions: indirect (46.0 +/- 27.3 SD), incidental (6.4 +/- 12.7 SD), intentional gardens (2.5 +/- 2.9 SD) and intentional-parks (2.3 +/- 2.7 SD). Experiencing nature regularly appears to be the exception rather than the norm, with a person's connection to nature being positively associated with incidental and intentional experiences. This novel study provides baseline information regarding how an urban population experiences different types of nature. Deconstructing nature experience will pave the way for developing recommendations for targeted health outcomes. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.