Dynamic patterns of adaptive radiation
Dynamic patterns of adaptive radiation
复制标题
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0506330102
复制
发表时间：
2005-12-13
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Vose, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gavrilets, S;Vose, A
适应性辐射被定义为在一个快速繁殖的谱系中生态和表型多样性的进化。当它发生时，适应性辐射通常伴随着新环境的殖民化或“关键创新”的建立，这为进化开辟了新的生态位和/或新的路径。在这里，我们利用物种形成理论和现代计算能力的最新发展，建立和探索一个大规模的、随机的、空间明确的、基于个体的、由适应多维生态位驱动的适应性辐射模型。我们能够在10万代的时间范围内，用数十万有性二倍体个体来模拟种群的进化动力学，假设现实的突变率，并允许大量选择和中性位点的遗传变异。我们的研究结果为一些经验模式提供了理论支持和解释，包括“面积效应”、“超调效应”和“最小作用效应”，以及“多孔基因组”的概念。我们的发现表明，与最壮观的辐射有关的特征的遗传结构可能相当简单。我们发现绝大多数的物种形成事件集中在系统发育的早期。我们的研究结果强调了生态机会和遗传约束在控制适应性辐射动力学中的重要性。
Adaptive radiation is defined as the evolution of ecological and phenotypic diversity within a rapidly multiplying lineage. When it occurs, adaptive radiation typically follows the colonization of a new environment or the establishment of a "key innovation," which opens new ecological niches and/or new paths for evolution. Here, we take advantage of recent developments in speciation theory and modern computing power to build and explore a large-scale, stochastic, spatially explicit, individual-based model of adaptive radiation driven by adaptation to multidimensional ecological niches. We are able to model evolutionary dynamics of populations with hundreds of thousands of sexual diploid individuals over a time span of 100,000 generations assuming realistic mutation rates and allowing for genetic variation in a large number of both selected and neutral loci. Our results provide theoretical support and explanation for a number of empirical patterns including "area effect," "overshooting effect," and "least action effect," as well as for the idea of a "porous genome." Our findings suggest that the genetic architecture of traits involved in the most spectacular radiations might be rather simple. We show that a great majority of speciation events are concentrated early in the phylogeny. Our results emphasize the importance of ecological opportunity and genetic constraints in controlling the dynamics of adaptive radiation.