Focus on electricity tariffs: experience and exploration of different charging schemes
Focus on electricity tariffs: experience and exploration of different charging schemes
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聚焦电费：不同收费方案的经验与探索
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
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通讯作者：
I. Pisica
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sarah Darby;I. Pisica
越来越需要调整电力网络的需求以匹配供应（而不是在“预测和提供”模式下，反之亦然）。向更动态定价的转变是“主动需求”发展的一部分，这是一种在系统处于压力下时阻止使用的方式，并使可再生能源发电更加可行。从随时间变化的或与容量相关的费率和相关的网络管理方法（包括直接负载控制）中期望什么是现实的？电费由专家设计，但由非专家使用，我们还不太了解不同的电费类型在日常实践中意味着什么。本文分析了六个焦点小组在英国进行的ADEPT项目（先进的动态电力定价和关税）的材料。住户讨论了随时间变化定价的一般原则，并考虑了六个方案，包括静态使用时间电价、关键日定价、实时定价和容量收费/负荷上限。选择这些群体的基础是全电力家庭，（1）预付费客户（2），新技术（太阳能光伏，电动汽车，热泵）的采用者（3），具有基本使用时间电价经验的客户（4），以及信贷客户，有和没有转换供应商的经验（5，6）。重点是“工作能力”，以及与不同关税有关的概念和关切。这些响应提供了对客户有关使用和网络操作的知识的深入了解。它们表明了各种关税如何与家庭日常生活有关，并说明了对隐私，安全和控制的担忧。
There is a growing need to adjust demand to match supply in electrical networks (rather than vice versa, under the ‘predict and provide’ model). The move towards more dynamic pricing is part of the development of ‘active demand’, a way of discouraging usage when systems are under stress, and making renewable generation more viable. What is it realistic to expect from time-varying or capacity-related tariffs and associated methods of network management, including direct load control? Electricity tariffs are devised by experts but used by non-experts, and as yet we do not understand much about what different tariff types mean in terms of everyday practices. This paper analyses material from six focus groups carried out in the UK for the ADEPT project (Advanced Dynamic Electricity Pricing and Tariffs). Householders discussed the general principle of time-varying pricing, and considered six options including a static time-of-use tariff, critical day pricing, real-time pricing, and capacity charging/load-capping. The groups were chosen on the basis of being all-electric households, (1) prepayment customers (2), adopters of new technologies (solar PV, electric vehicles, heat pump) (3), customers with experience of a basic time-of-use tariff (4), and credit customers, with and without experience of switching supplier (5,6). The emphasis was on ‘workability’, and on the concepts and concerns associated with different tariffs. The responses offer insights into customers’ knowledge about usage and network operation. They indicate how various tariffs might work in relation to household routines, and they illustrate concerns about privacy, safety and control.