Indoor PM2.5 exposure in London's domestic stock: Modelling current and future exposures following energy efficient refurbishment
Indoor PM2.5 exposure in London's domestic stock: Modelling current and future exposures following energy efficient refurbishment
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.08.047
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发表时间：
2012-12
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
C. Shrubsole;I. Ridley;P. Biddulph;J. Milner;S. Vardoulakis;M. Ucci;P. Wilkinson;Z. Chalabi;M. Davies
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Shrubsole;I. Ridley;P. Biddulph;J. Milner;S. Vardoulakis;M. Ucci;P. Wilkinson;Z. Chalabi;M. Davies
使用CONTAM（一种经过验证的多区域室内空气质量（IAQ）模型）模拟预测伦敦住宅的室内暴露于PM2.5的情况，包括目前的住房存量和节能改造后的相同存量，以满足2050年的温室气体减排目标。我们模拟了有助于实现这些目标的干预措施，将住宅的渗透率降低到50 Pa时的3 m3 m − 2 h − 1，并引入机械通风和热回收（MVHR）系统。假设由于排放控制政策，目前室外PM2.5平均浓度为13 μg m− 3，到2050年降至9 μg m− 3。我们的主要发现是，安装（假设功能完善）MVHR系统与渗透性降低与吸烟和非吸烟住宅中PM2.5暴露的明显减少有关。对无烟住宅未来情景的建模显示，典型家庭成员的年平均室内PM2.5暴露量减少了18.8 μg m−3（从28.4 μg m − 3减少到9.6 μg m−3）。同样令人感兴趣的是，主要暴露于厨房（厨师）中与烹饪有关的颗粒物排放的成员减少了42.6 μg m−3（从60.5 μ g m − 3减少到17.9 μg m−3）。在没有机械通风的情况下，围护结构渗透率的降低导致室内PM2.5浓度的增加;典型家庭成员的PM2.5浓度为5.4 μg m− 3，厨师的PM2.5浓度为9.8 μg m− 3。这些PM2.5暴露变化的估计值对有关居住者行为、通风系统使用和输入变量分布的假设敏感（非吸烟住宅为±72%，吸烟住宅为±107%）。然而，如果实现，它们将带来重大的健康益处。
Simulations using CONTAM (a validated multi-zone indoor air quality (IAQ) model) are employed to predict indoor exposure to PM2.5in London dwellings in both the present day housing stock and the same stock following energy efficient refurbishments to meet greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets for 2050. We modelled interventions that would contribute to the achievement of these targets by reducing the permeability of the dwellings to 3 m3m−2h−1at 50 Pa, combined with the introduction of mechanical ventilation and heat recovery (MVHR) systems. It is assumed that the current mean outdoor PM2.5concentration of 13 μg m−3decreased to 9 μg m−3by 2050 due to emission control policies. Our primary finding was that installation of (assumed perfectly functioning) MVHR systems with permeability reduction are associated with appreciable reductions in PM2.5exposure in both smoking and non-smoking dwellings. Modelling of the future scenario for non-smoking dwellings show a reduction in annual average indoor exposure to PM2.5of 18.8 μg m−3(from 28.4 to 9.6 μg m−3) for a typical household member. Also of interest is that a larger reduction of 42.6 μg m−3(from 60.5 to 17.9 μg m−3) was shown for members exposed primarily to cooking-related particle emissions in the kitchen (cooks). Reductions in envelope permeability without mechanical ventilation produced increases in indoor PM2.5concentrations; 5.4 μg m−3for typical household members and 9.8 μg m−3for cooks. These estimates of changes in PM2.5exposure are sensitive to assumptions about occupant behaviour, ventilation system usage and the distributions of input variables (±72% for non-smoking and ±107% in smoking residences). However, if realised, they would result in significant health benefits.