Consequences of maternal size for reproductive expenditure and pupping success of grey seals at North Rona, Scotland
Consequences of maternal size for reproductive expenditure and pupping success of grey seals at North Rona, Scotland
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苏格兰北罗纳灰海豹母体体型对生殖支出和幼崽成功率的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Anderson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Pomeroy;M. Fedak;P. Rothery;S. Anderson
1.在苏格兰北罗纳已建立的灰海豹群体中，研究了年龄在4-36岁之间的个体标记母亲的繁殖性能。1979-1995年，这些雌性的出生率在0.805到0.975之间，57%的雌性产下了74%的幼崽。在缺席了长达5年的时间后，妈妈们成功地在N.Rona上生下了宝宝。
2.母体产后平均体重(MPPM)为190±0.23(SD)kg，高于该群体的产后平均体重。尽管年度平均MPPM在研究期间有所增加，但个人的MPPM在不同年份之间也有增加和减少的情况。
3.初生幼崽质量和幼崽生长速度与胎龄和分娩日期相关。没有发现性别差异的产后支出的证据。在MPPM的范围内，幼崽的相对出生质量随着MPPM的增加而降低，但相对断奶质量保持不变。
4.哺乳期母体质量支出平均为MPPM的39%，在相对支出高或低的第二年，MPPM的后果与第一年的相对支出呈负相关。然而，母亲们在一年内不生育后体重增加了。
5.一般线性模型和REML分析表明，在考虑其他变量和因素的情况下，母亲之间的支出存在显著差异。一般来说，较大体重和哺乳时间的动物的母体支出较大，但较长个体的校正母体支出低于预期。断奶时的幼崽质量受母亲身份和年份的影响，有证据表明，体重较长的个体母亲饲养的幼崽较小。
6.任何年份生殖支出的生活史后果出现在随后的繁殖模式中。较大动物的繁殖成本和较大的支出表明，在出生后几年和跳过繁殖年份，幼崽成功率较低。
1. The reproductive performance of individually marked mothers aged between 4 and 36 years breeding at the established grey seal colony of North Rona, Scotland was studied. Natality rate was between 0·805 and 0·975 for these females during 1979–95 and 57% of females produced 74% of the pups born. Mothers pupped successfully on N. Rona after absences of up to 5 years.
2. The average maternal postpartum mass (MPPM) of mothers was 190 ± 23 (SD) kg, larger than had been recorded from this colony previously. Although annual mean MPPM increased during the study, there were increases and decreases in individuals’ MPPM between years.
3. Pup mass at birth and pup growth rate were related to MPPM and date of parturition. No evidence of differential postpartum expenditure in the sexes was found. Relative pup birth mass decreased with MPPM but relative pup weaning mass remained constant over the range of MPPM.
4. Maternal mass expenditure during lactation averaged 39% of MPPM, and the consequences for MPPM in the year following either high or low relative expenditure were inversely related to relative expenditure in the first year. However, mothers increased their mass after skipping breeding in a year.
5. General Linear Models and REML analyses indicated that expenditures were significantly different between mothers when other variables and factors had been taken into account. In general, maternal expenditure was greater for animals of larger masses and duration of lactation, but corrected maternal expenditure of longer individuals was less than expected. Pup mass at weaning was influenced by mother's identity and year and there was evidence that individual mothers which were longer for their weight raised smaller pups.
6. The life history consequences of reproductive expenditure in any year appeared in subsequent breeding patterns. The cost of breeding for larger animals and larger expenditures was indicated by lower pupping success rates in years following births and skipped breeding years.
父母照顾的演变
DOI：
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199692576.003.0016
发表时间：
2012
期刊：
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影响因子：
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作者：
Kölliker M
通讯作者：
Kölliker M