Metabolic tradeoffs control biodiversity gradients through geological time
Metabolic tradeoffs control biodiversity gradients through geological time
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2021.04.021
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发表时间：
2021-07-12
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Stockey, Richard G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Boag, Thomas H.;Gearty, William;Stockey, Richard G.
从两极到热带海洋生物多样性增加的纬度梯度是现代海洋中最显着的生物模式之一。(1-3) 全球海洋的低纬度地区往往是动物生物多样性的热点地区，但它们受人为气候变化的影响最为严重。4 随着未来几个世纪海洋温度的上升和脱氧的进行，预计这些地区的有氧生存栖息地的体积将会减少。(5,6)与稍微不对称的现代纬度生物多样性梯度相反，(7)化石出现的汇编表明，生物多样性的峰值过去可能存在于距离赤道更远的地方，假设气候状态之间的转变可以解释这一趋势。(8-13)我们结合了化石软体动物出现、古温度代理和生物地理数据的新汇编，揭示了过去 145 年古生物记录中温度和多样性之间的非单调关系万年。我们推导了一个代谢模型，将温度对生物多样性的动力学影响(14)与最近描述的代谢指数相结合，该指数根据温度对缺氧敏感性的影响计算有氧栖息地的可用性。(5,15,16)尽管沿海栖息地面积和恒温等因素很重要，(17,18)我们发现我们的代谢模型与化石和古温度荟萃分析之间有很强的一致性。因此，我们认为，海洋温度对海洋变温动物有氧范围的影响是地质时期生物多样性峰值迁移的主要驱动力，并且可能在预测的未来气候情景下的生物多样性重组中发挥作用。
The latitudinal gradient of increasing marine biodiversity from the poles to the tropics is one of the most conspicuous biological patterns in modern oceans.(1-3) Low-latitude regions of the global ocean are often hotspots of animal biodiversity, yet they are set to be most critically affected by anthropogenic climate change.4 As ocean temperatures rise and deoxygenation proceeds in the coming centuries, the volume of aerobically viable habitat is predicted to decrease in these zones.(5,6) In contrast to the slightly asymmetrical modern latitudinal biodiversity gradient,(7) compilations of fossil occurrences indicate peaks in biodiversity may have existed much further away from the equator in the past, with transitions between climate states hypothesized to explain this trend.(8-13) We combine a new compilation of fossil mollusc occurrences, paleotemperature proxies, and biogeographic data to reveal a non-monotonic relationship between temperature and diversity in the paleontological record over the last 145 million years. We derive a metabolic model that integrates the kinetic effects of temperature on biodiversity(14) with the recently described Metabolic Index that calculates aerobic habitat availability based on the effect of temperature on hypoxia sensitivity.(5,15,16) Although factors such as coastal habitat area and homeothermy are important,(17,18) we find strong congruence between our metabolic model and our fossil and paleotemperature meta-analysis. We therefore suggest that the effects of ocean temperature on the aerobic scope of marine ectotherms is a primary driver of migrating biodiversity peaks through geologic time and will likely play a role in the restructuring of biodiversity under projected future climate scenarios.