Psychostimulant-related deaths among former inmates.
Psychostimulant-related deaths among former inmates.
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DOI：
10.1097/adm.0b013e318239c30a
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发表时间：
2012-06
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Binswanger IA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Calcaterra S;Blatchford P;Friedmann PD;Binswanger IA
Psychostimulants are highly addictive and their use is increasing. Little is known about psychostimulant-related deaths. This study identified characteristics, risk factors, and contributing substances reported upon death among former prison inmates who died from a psychostimulant-related death. This retrospective cohort study of released inmates from 1999–2003 (N=30,237) linked data from the Washington State Department of Corrections with the National Death Index. We examined characteristics of individuals who died with psychostimulants listed among their causes-of-death. These were categorized into three groups: 1) non-cocaine psychostimulants, 2) cocaine only, and 3) all psychostimulants. Cox proportional hazards regression determined risk factors for death in each group, and the risk of death in the first two weeks after release from prison Of the 443 inmates who died, 25(6%) had non-cocaine psychostimulants listed among their causes-of-death. Six of these 25 deaths had both non-cocaine psychostimulants and cocaine listed among their causes-of-death. Most of the former inmates who died with non-cocaine psychostimulants were male (n=21, 84%) and non-Hispanic white (88%, n=22). Cocaine only was listed among the causes-of-death for 49 former inmates; most were male (n=35, 71%) and non-Hispanic white (n=27, 55%). Longer length of incarceration was associated with a reduced risk of death from any psychostimulant use (HR=0.76, CI=0.63–0.920 for each additional year of incarceration) and from use of non-cocaine psychostimulants (Hazard Ratio [HR] =0.42, 95% Confidence interval [CI] =0.22 to 0.80). Risk of death was highest during the first 2 weeks post release for cocaine only-related deaths (Incidence mortality ratio [IMR]=1,224.0, CI=583–1,865). Former prisoners have a significant risk of death from psychostimulants, especially within the first two weeks post release.
