Group composition, relatedness, and dispersal in the cooperatively breeding cichlid Neolamprologus obscurus.
Group composition, relatedness, and dispersal in the cooperatively breeding cichlid Neolamprologus obscurus.
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合作养殖丽鱼科鱼 Neolamprologus obscurus 的群体组成、亲缘关系和扩散。
DOI：
10.1007/s00265-014-1830-8
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tanaka;H.;Heg;D.;Takeshima;H.;Takeyama;T.;Awata;S.;Nishida;M. & Kohda;M.
人们对许多鸟类和哺乳动物的合作繁殖进行了深入研究，但对鱼类的研究还较少。我们报告了坦噶尼喀湖合作繁殖丽鱼科鱼 Neolamprologus obscurus 的一个引人注目的新例子。通过实地观察和微卫星 DNA 分析，我们研究了该物种的群体结构、助人行为、相关性和扩散。我们提出四个主要观察结果。首先，大型领地繁殖雄性与一到八只繁殖雌性交配，每只雌性都有领地性且彼此无关。其次，一到十条较小的两性鱼类（“下属”）被允许留在繁殖雌性的领地内。下属往往与各自繁殖的雄性和雌性都有很高的血缘关系，并进行领地防御和庇护所维护，这被视为帮助行为。第三，一到三只与繁殖雌性体型相似的下级雄性被允许留在繁殖雄性的领地内，但不能容忍在繁殖雌性的领地内。成对相关性表明这些个体通常是各自繁殖雄性的儿子。第四，成对相关性估计表明，幼体会延迟扩散并协助母亲抚养后代。随着女性下属的成长，她们会离开父亲的领地，分散到其他群体中。相比之下，男性下属离开母亲的领地，但仍留在父亲的领地内。所描述的社会系统使得N. obscurusa有望成为研究合作育种进化的新模式物种。
Cooperative breeding has been studied intensively in many species of birds and mammals but remain less well studied in fish. We report a remarkable new example of a cooperatively breeding cichlid from Lake Tanganyika,Neolamprologus obscurus. Using field observations and microsatellite DNA analyses, we studied group structure, helping behavior, relatedness, and dispersal of this species. We present four major observations. First, large territorial breeding males mated with one to eight breeding females, each of which was territorial and unrelated to another. Second, one to ten smaller fish (“subordinates”) of both sexes were allowed to stay inside the breeding females’ territories. Subordinates were often highly related to both the respective breeding male and female and performed territory defense and shelter maintenance, which is regarded as helping behaviors. Third, one to three subordinate males, similar in size to breeding females, were allowed to stay inside a breeding male’s territory but were not tolerated in the breeding females’ territories. Pairwise relatedness suggests these individuals are usually sons of the respective breeding male. Fourth, pairwise relatedness estimates suggest that juveniles delay dispersal and assist their mothers in raising offspring. As female subordinates grow up, they leave the father’s territory and disperse into other groups. In contrast, male subordinates leave their mother’s territory but remain within the territory of their father. The described social system makesN. obscurusa promising new model species to study the evolution of cooperative breeding.