CHEMICAL SIGNALS IN THE MARINE-ENVIRONMENT - DISPERSAL, DETECTION, AND TEMPORAL SIGNAL ANALYSIS
CHEMICAL SIGNALS IN THE MARINE-ENVIRONMENT - DISPERSAL, DETECTION, AND TEMPORAL SIGNAL ANALYSIS
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.92.1.62
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发表时间：
1995-01-03
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
ATEMA, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ATEMA, J
化学信号连接了大多数生命过程，包括生物体间的关系。化学信号的检测不仅涉及识别独特化合物或化合物混合物的光谱，还涉及其空间和时间分布。频谱和时间信号处理确定什么是信号，什么是背景噪声。每种动物都从化学世界中提取其独特的信息，并对其做出独特的贡献。龙虾提供了时间信号处理的重要信息。海洋化学信号可以测量高时空分辨率给我们一个新的视角的龙虾的环境。龙虾化学感受器细胞具有4 Hz的闪烁融合频率，并且可以在200 ms内整合刺激，这与具有4.Hz“嗅闻的气味采样行为密切对应。利用这些信息，空间气味梯度可以从湍流扩散的典型气味斑块的时间分析中确定。龙虾似乎利用这些信息来定位气味来源。龙虾的社会行为在很大程度上取决于化学信号。尿液携带着求偶、支配和个体识别的重要信息。肾孔中的一个新腺体位于关键位置，将其产物释放到尿液中。反过来，尿液被注入鳃流，鳃流在动物前方1-2米处喷射水。龙虾控制着三种不同的电流，这些电流向它们传递化学信号，并从它们身上传递。对气味动力学的研究才刚刚开始。这将是令人兴奋的，看看信号传播，受体时间调谐，神经处理和动物行为如何相互作用，以增强通信和检测信号，并减少化学伪装信号。
Chemical signals connect most of life's processes, including interorganismal relationships. Detection of chemical signals involves not only recognition of a spectrum of unique compounds or mixtures of compounds but also their spatial and temporal distribution. Both spectral and temporal signal processing determine what is a signal and what is background noise. Each animal extracts its unique information from the chemical world and uniquely contributes to it. Lobsters have provided important information on temporal signal processing. Marine chemical signals can be measured with high spatio-temporal resolution giving us a novel view of the lobster's environment. Lobster chemoreceptor cells have flicker fusion frequencies of 4 Hz and can integrate stimuli over 200 ms, closely corresponding to odor sampling behavior with 4.Hz ''sniffs.'' Using this information, spatial odor gradients can be determined from temporal analysis of odor patches typical of turbulent dispersal. Lobsters appear to use this information to locate odor sources. Lobster social behavior depends greatly on chemical signals. Urine carries important information for courtship, dominance, and individual recognition. A novel gland in the nephropore is strategically located to release its products into the urine. Urine, in turn, is injected into the gill current, which jets water 1-2 m ahead of the animal. Lobsters control three different currents that carry chemical signals to and from them. The study of odor dynamics has only just begun. It will be exciting to see how signal dispersal, receptor temporal tuning, neural processing, and animal behavior interact to enhance signals for communication and detection and to reduce signals for chemical camouflage.