Global Private Regimes, Domestic Public Law
Global Private Regimes, Domestic Public Law
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DOI：
10.1177/0010414013509573
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发表时间：
2014-03
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
A. Prakash;Matthew Potoski
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Prakash;Matthew Potoski
不同的研究结果引发了关于私人环境制度有效性的争论，例如，在一种环境中有效的同一种制度在另一种环境中被发现无效。在这篇文章中，我们展示了ISO 14001的有效性，世界上最广泛采用的自愿环境制度，是由国家国内法规的严格程度所决定的。在此过程中，我们概述了一种战略企业环保主义模式，其中公司战略性地关注其国际标准化组织（ISO）认证，以减少可见空气污染物的排放，而不是不太明显的水污染物。我们对1991年至2005年159个国家（73个国家为水污染）的污染水平进行的分析表明，ISO 14001认证在环境法规不太严格的国家减少了空气（SO2）排放，但对环境法规严格的国家的空气排放没有影响。我们还发现，无论国内法律的严格程度如何，ISO成员水平与水污染水平（生化需氧量BOD）的减少无关。我们的文章表明，全球私人环境制度的效力可能受到企业运作的国内监管背景的制约，并且考虑到企业的战略考虑，这种效力可能因污染类型而异。
Debates about the efficacy of private environmental regimes have been fueled by disparate research findings, such as when the same regime that has been effective in one setting is found to be ineffective in another. In this article, we show that the efficacy of ISO 14001, the most widely adopted voluntary environmental regime in the world, is conditioned by the stringency of countries’ domestic regulations. In doing so, we outline a model of strategic corporate environmentalism wherein firms strategically focus their International Organization for Standardization (ISO) certification to reduce emissions of visible air pollutants as opposed to less visible water pollutants. Our analyses of pollution levels for a panel of 159 countries (73 for water pollution) from 1991 to 2005 indicate that ISO 14001 certifications reduce air (SO2) emissions in countries with less stringent environmental regulations but have no effect on air emissions in countries with stringent environmental regulations. We also find that ISO membership levels are not associated with reductions in water pollution levels (Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOD), irrespective of stringency of domestic law. Our article suggests that the efficacy of global private environmental regimes is likely to be conditioned by the domestic regulatory context in which firms function, and given firm’s strategic considerations, this efficacy could vary across pollution types.